Fig. 2From: Family related variables effect on later educational outcome: a further geospatial analysis on TIMSS 2015 FinlandMean residuals in TIMSS 2015 fourth-graders’ mathematics score point model. In the areas where the residual is low, the students scored lower than what the model predicts. In the high residual areas students performed better than what the model predicts. This indicates that family-related indices do not have an invariable or static effectBack to article page