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An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 5 Correlations of PISA national mean scores with cluster position effects, total variance in persistence, and between-school and within-school correlations between ability and persistence in the three PISA assessments

From: Predictors of individual performance changes related to item positions in PISA assessments

Estimated parameter

PISA national mean score

2006 science

2009 reading

2012 mathematics

Cluster position effect \(\gamma^{ *}\)

.695

.340

.680

Total variance in persistence \(\left( {\sigma_{\delta s}^{ *2} + \sigma_{\delta ps}^{ *2} } \right)\)

−.303

−.624

−.507

Between-school correlation \(\rho_{{\theta_{s} \delta_{s} }}\)

.593

.580

.704

Within-school correlation \(\rho_{{\theta_{ps} \delta_{ps} }}\)

.446

.621

.662

  1. Note All correlations are significant at an alpha level of .05