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Table 6 Korean students’ probability to agree/disagree with learned helplessness by attribution

From: Relationships among locus of control, learned helpless, and mathematical literacy in PISA 2012: focus on Korea and Finland

 

Learned helplessness

Strongly disagree

Disagree

Agree

Strongly agree

Total

Positive

Negative

Ability

Strongly disagree

0.43

0.46

0.10

0.01

0.11

0.89

Disagree

0.17

0.51

0.27

0.05

0.32

0.68

Agree

0.08

0.40

0.41

0.11

0.52

0.48

Strongly agree

0.02

0.15

0.47

0.36

0.83

0.17

Effort

Strongly disagree

0.03

0.18

0.45

0.35

0.80

0.20

Disagree

0.05

0.28

0.46

0.22

0.67

0.33

Agree

0.11

0.42

0.37

0.11

0.47

0.53

Strongly agree

0.27

0.51

0.19

0.04

0.23

0.77

Task difficulty

Strongly disagree

0.29

0.50

0.18

0.04

0.22

0.78

Disagree

0.18

0.48

0.28

0.06

0.34

0.66

Agree

0.11

0.41

0.37

0.11

0.48

0.52

Strongly agree

0.03

0.20

0.46

0.31

0.77

0.23

Luck

Strongly disagree

0.19

0.46

0.27

0.07

0.35

0.65

Disagree

0.15

0.44

0.32

0.10

0.42

0.58

Agree

0.15

0.44

0.32

0.10

0.42

0.58

Strongly agree

0.07

0.30

0.43

0.20

0.63

0.37

  1. P(Positive) = P(strongly agree) + P(agree) and P(Negative) = P(strongly disagree) + P(disagree)