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An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 7 Proficiency level descriptions

From: The standard setting process: validating interpretations of stakeholders

PL4

Optimal standard

Transfer basic concepts (principles, theories and laws) to other domains

Flexibly apply concepts in various contexts

Logically connect several variables

PL3

Norm standard plus

Take complex information and relations from a diagram and interpret the information

Apply content knowledge and apply it in new contexts

Apply basic concepts (principles, theories and laws)

Take scientific information from a challenging, specialized text

PL2

Norm standard

Take information of diagrams in a target-oriented manner without interpretation and compare if necessary

Reproduce simple content knowledge and utilize it in context

Take scientific information from a simple, specialized text

PL1

Minimum standard

Extract scientific information presented in a simply formulated specialized text

Objectively extract information from a diagram without interpretation

Take scientific information from a text or picture when these provide redundant/equal information

Verify the veracity of simple scientific statements based on a graphical representation

Below PL1

Below minimum standard

Fail the requirements of lower secondary education