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Table 2 Variance ratios, confidence intervals and heterogeneity statistics for countries in the domain of reading
| Country | k | VR | LCI | UCI | p | Q | p (Q) | Below (sig) (%) | Below (nsig) (%) | Above (nsig) (%) | Above (sig) (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | 4 | 1.17 | 1.04 | 1.32 | 0.01 | 24.45 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 25.00 | 75.00 |
| Algeria | 1 | 0.96 | 0.89 | 1.04 | 0.32 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Argentina | 7 | 1.22 | 1.08 | 1.39 | 0.00 | 68.47 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 14.29 | 14.29 | 71.43 |
| Australia | 7 | 1.20 | 1.15 | 1.26 | 0.00 | 27.21 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Austria | 8 | 1.15 | 1.09 | 1.20 | 0.00 | 24.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 12.50 | 87.50 |
| Azerbaijan | 3 | 1.20 | 1.00 | 1.43 | 0.05 | 32.38 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 33.33 | 66.67 |
| Belgium | 12 | 1.16 | 1.12 | 1.20 | 0.00 | 30.91 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 25.00 | 75.00 |
| Belize | 1 | 0.97 | 0.88 | 1.07 | 0.55 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Botswana | 1 | 1.19 | 1.09 | 1.28 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Brazil | 6 | 1.17 | 1.13 | 1.21 | 0.00 | 7.89 | 0.16 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Bulgaria | 8 | 1.14 | 1.07 | 1.22 | 0.00 | 27.37 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 25.00 | 75.00 |
| Canada | 18 | 1.11 | 1.05 | 1.15 | 0.00 | 173.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 11.11 | 38.89 | 50.00 |
| Chile | 5 | 1.13 | 1.07 | 1.19 | 0.00 | 11.13 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 20.00 | 80.00 |
| China | 23 | 1.20 | 1.16 | 1.25 | 0.00 | 123.64 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 8.70 | 91.30 |
| αTaipei | 6 | 1.15 | 1.09 | 1.22 | 0.00 | 23.65 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 16.67 | 83.33 |
| αMacao | 5 | 1.23 | 1.12 | 1.36 | 0.00 | 28.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| αHong Kong | 9 | 1.25 | 1.19 | 1.31 | 0.00 | 19.90 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| αShanghai | 2 | 1.21 | 1.12 | 1.31 | 0.00 | 8.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Colombia | 6 | 1.07 | 1.01 | 1.14 | 0.03 | 24.20 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 16.67 | 33.33 | 50.00 |
| Costa Rica | 3 | 1.09 | 1.03 | 1.17 | 0.01 | 8.07 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 33.33 | 66.67 |
| Croatia | 5 | 1.16 | 1.12 | 1.20 | 0.00 | 3.59 | 0.46 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Cyprus | 1 | 1.07 | 0.97 | 1.19 | 0.16 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 |
| Czech Republic | 8 | 1.15 | 1.11 | 1.20 | 0.00 | 13.88 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Denmark | 8 | 1.08 | 1.05 | 1.12 | 0.00 | 8.99 | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 25.00 | 75.00 |
| Dominican Republic | 1 | 1.11 | 1.02 | 1.20 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Estonia | 4 | 1.13 | 1.07 | 1.17 | 0.00 | 4.17 | 0.24 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 25.00 | 75.00 |
| Finland | 7 | 1.16 | 1.07 | 1.25 | 0.00 | 31.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 28.57 | 71.43 |
| France | 9 | 1.16 | 1.09 | 1.23 | 0.00 | 31.55 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 33.33 | 66.67 |
| Georgia | 4 | 1.14 | 1.08 | 1.20 | 0.00 | 4.12 | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Germany | 9 | 1.14 | 1.07 | 1.21 | 0.00 | 39.35 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 33.33 | 66.67 |
| Greece | 7 | 1.30 | 1.17 | 1.43 | 0.00 | 42.82 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Honduras | 1 | 1.04 | 0.94 | 1.15 | 0.42 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 |
| Hungary | 9 | 1.14 | 1.08 | 1.20 | 0.00 | 25.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 22.22 | 77.78 |
| Iceland | 9 | 1.20 | 1.12 | 1.28 | 0.00 | 23.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 22.22 | 77.78 |
| India | 2 | 1.34 | 1.20 | 1.48 | 0.00 | 0.88 | 0.35 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Indonesia | 8 | 1.09 | 1.03 | 1.16 | 0.00 | 26.54 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 37.50 | 62.50 |
| Iran | 3 | 1.03 | 0.98 | 1.07 | 0.22 | 0.56 | 0.76 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 |
| Ireland | 7 | 1.20 | 1.13 | 1.28 | 0.00 | 19.38 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 14.29 | 85.71 |
| Israel | 8 | 1.14 | 1.03 | 1.27 | 0.01 | 71.46 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 37.50 | 62.50 |
| Italy | 28 | 1.26 | 1.19 | 1.34 | 0.00 | 166.89 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3.57 | 10.71 | 85.71 |
| Japan | 6 | 1.27 | 1.19 | 1.36 | 0.00 | 19.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Jordan | 4 | 1.38 | 1.17 | 1.60 | 0.00 | 45.54 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Kazakhstan | 2 | 1.32 | 1.19 | 1.48 | 0.00 | 1.07 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Korea | 6 | 1.25 | 1.17 | 1.32 | 0.00 | 12.56 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Kosovo | 1 | 1.17 | 1.08 | 1.27 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Kuwait | 3 | 1.13 | 1.01 | 1.27 | 0.03 | 10.62 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 33.33 | 66.67 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 2 | 1.21 | 1.14 | 1.27 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.86 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Latvia | 8 | 1.15 | 1.09 | 1.21 | 0.00 | 21.44 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 12.50 | 0.00 | 87.50 |
| Lebanon | 1 | 1.13 | 1.04 | 1.22 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Liechtenstein | 5 | 1.23 | 1.16 | 1.31 | 0.00 | 4.31 | 0.37 | 0.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 60.00 |
| Lithuania | 7 | 1.12 | 1.06 | 1.17 | 0.00 | 16.22 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 28.57 | 71.43 |
| Luxembourg | 7 | 1.19 | 1.11 | 1.26 | 0.00 | 26.27 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 14.29 | 85.71 |
| Macedonia | 3 | 1.02 | 0.96 | 1.08 | 0.55 | 2.48 | 0.29 | 0.00 | 33.33 | 33.33 | 33.33 |
| Malaysia | 2 | 1.22 | 1.13 | 1.31 | 0.00 | 1.56 | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Malta | 4 | 1.14 | 1.09 | 1.20 | 0.00 | 1.22 | 0.75 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 25.00 | 75.00 |
| Mauritius | 1 | 1.06 | 0.98 | 1.15 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 |
| Mexico | 6 | 1.22 | 1.13 | 1.34 | 0.00 | 52.55 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 16.67 | 83.33 |
| Miranda-Venezuela | 1 | 1.11 | 1.02 | 1.20 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Moldova | 4 | 1.15 | 1.06 | 1.26 | 0.00 | 10.64 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 25.00 | 75.00 |
| Montenegro | 4 | 1.25 | 1.14 | 1.36 | 0.00 | 14.38 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Morocco | 4 | 1.11 | 1.01 | 1.22 | 0.03 | 18.77 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 25.00 | 75.00 |
| Netherlands | 9 | 1.12 | 1.04 | 1.21 | 0.00 | 71.51 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 44.44 | 55.56 |
| New Zealand | 9 | 1.20 | 1.15 | 1.25 | 0.00 | 17.58 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 11.11 | 88.89 |
| Norway | 10 | 1.19 | 1.12 | 1.26 | 0.00 | 40.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 80.00 |
| Oman | 1 | 1.27 | 1.20 | 1.35 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Panama | 1 | 1.14 | 1.05 | 1.23 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Peru | 4 | 1.12 | 1.00 | 1.26 | 0.05 | 24.39 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 25.00 | 0.00 | 75.00 |
| Poland | 8 | 1.21 | 1.14 | 1.30 | 0.00 | 32.30 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 12.50 | 87.50 |
| Portugal | 7 | 1.30 | 1.17 | 1.42 | 0.00 | 51.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 14.29 | 85.71 |
| Qatar | 6 | 1.23 | 1.15 | 1.31 | 0.00 | 32.84 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Romania | 8 | 1.19 | 1.02 | 1.38 | 0.03 | 198.23 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 37.50 | 62.50 |
| Russia | 10 | 1.15 | 1.07 | 1.23 | 0.00 | 71.15 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 20.00 | 70.00 |
| Saudi Arabia | 1 | 1.75 | 1.62 | 1.90 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Serbia | 3 | 1.22 | 1.03 | 1.45 | 0.02 | 28.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Singapore | 6 | 1.16 | 1.12 | 1.20 | 0.00 | 4.03 | 0.54 | 0.00 | 16.67 | 0.00 | 83.33 |
| Slovak Republic | 8 | 1.14 | 1.09 | 1.19 | 0.00 | 24.71 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 37.50 | 62.50 |
| Slovenia | 7 | 1.23 | 1.14 | 1.32 | 0.00 | 37.38 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| South Africa | 2 | 1.03 | 0.92 | 1.14 | 0.64 | 4.17 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 50.00 | 50.00 | 0.00 |
| Spain | 51 | 1.21 | 1.17 | 1.25 | 0.00 | 378.02 | 0.00 | 3.92 | 5.88 | 5.88 | 84.31 |
| Sweden | 10 | 1.11 | 1.06 | 1.16 | 0.00 | 22.19 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 20.00 | 70.00 |
| Switzerland | 6 | 1.13 | 1.09 | 1.16 | 0.00 | 3.26 | 0.66 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 16.67 | 83.33 |
| Thailand | 6 | 1.23 | 1.14 | 1.32 | 0.00 | 27.71 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 4 | 1.13 | 1.07 | 1.19 | 0.00 | 3.28 | 0.35 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 25.00 | 75.00 |
| Tunisia | 5 | 1.15 | 1.06 | 1.25 | 0.00 | 20.43 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 20.00 | 80.00 |
| Turkey | 6 | 1.16 | 1.08 | 1.26 | 0.00 | 27.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 16.67 | 83.33 |
| UAE | 9 | 1.27 | 1.21 | 1.32 | 0.00 | 38.36 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| United Kingdom | 16 | 1.15 | 1.09 | 1.21 | 0.00 | 97.27 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 6.25 | 25.00 | 68.75 |
| Englanda | 3 | 1.04 | 0.95 | 1.13 | 0.00 | 4.85 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 | 50.00 |
| Scotlanda | 6 | 1.17 | 1.08 | 1.27 | 0.00 | 23.75 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 33.33 | 66.67 |
| Northern Irelanda | 1 | 1.07 | 0.97 | 1.19 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 |
| United States | 11 | 1.15 | 1.12 | 1.19 | 0.00 | 13.11 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 27.27 | 72.73 |
| Uruguay | 5 | 1.22 | 1.16 | 1.27 | 0.00 | 6.43 | 0.17 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Viet Nam | 2 | 1.17 | 1.11 | 1.25 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.72 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Yugoslavia | 1 | 1.32 | 1.22 | 1.43 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 |
| Overall | 564 | 1.16 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 0.00 | 3650.87 | 0.00 | 0.35 | 3.55 | 17.02 | 79.08 |
