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An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 2 Variance ratios, confidence intervals and heterogeneity statistics for countries in the domain of reading

From: Sex differences in variability across nations in reading, mathematics and science: a meta-analytic extension of Baye and Monseur (2016)

Country

k

VR

LCI

UCI

p

Q

p (Q)

Below (sig) (%)

Below (nsig) (%)

Above (nsig) (%)

Above (sig) (%)

Albania

4

1.17

1.04

1.32

0.01

24.45

0.00

0.00

0.00

25.00

75.00

Algeria

1

0.96

0.89

1.04

0.32

0.00

1.00

0.00

100.00

0.00

0.00

Argentina

7

1.22

1.08

1.39

0.00

68.47

0.00

0.00

14.29

14.29

71.43

Australia

7

1.20

1.15

1.26

0.00

27.21

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Austria

8

1.15

1.09

1.20

0.00

24.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

12.50

87.50

Azerbaijan

3

1.20

1.00

1.43

0.05

32.38

0.00

0.00

0.00

33.33

66.67

Belgium

12

1.16

1.12

1.20

0.00

30.91

0.00

0.00

0.00

25.00

75.00

Belize

1

0.97

0.88

1.07

0.55

0.00

1.00

0.00

100.00

0.00

0.00

Botswana

1

1.19

1.09

1.28

0.00

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Brazil

6

1.17

1.13

1.21

0.00

7.89

0.16

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Bulgaria

8

1.14

1.07

1.22

0.00

27.37

0.00

0.00

0.00

25.00

75.00

Canada

18

1.11

1.05

1.15

0.00

173.05

0.00

0.00

11.11

38.89

50.00

Chile

5

1.13

1.07

1.19

0.00

11.13

0.03

0.00

0.00

20.00

80.00

China

23

1.20

1.16

1.25

0.00

123.64

0.00

0.00

0.00

8.70

91.30

αTaipei

6

1.15

1.09

1.22

0.00

23.65

0.00

0.00

0.00

16.67

83.33

αMacao

5

1.23

1.12

1.36

0.00

28.07

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

αHong Kong

9

1.25

1.19

1.31

0.00

19.90

0.01

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

αShanghai

2

1.21

1.12

1.31

0.00

8.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Colombia

6

1.07

1.01

1.14

0.03

24.20

0.00

0.00

16.67

33.33

50.00

Costa Rica

3

1.09

1.03

1.17

0.01

8.07

0.02

0.00

0.00

33.33

66.67

Croatia

5

1.16

1.12

1.20

0.00

3.59

0.46

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Cyprus

1

1.07

0.97

1.19

0.16

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

0.00

Czech Republic

8

1.15

1.11

1.20

0.00

13.88

0.05

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Denmark

8

1.08

1.05

1.12

0.00

8.99

0.25

0.00

0.00

25.00

75.00

Dominican Republic

1

1.11

1.02

1.20

0.01

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Estonia

4

1.13

1.07

1.17

0.00

4.17

0.24

0.00

0.00

25.00

75.00

Finland

7

1.16

1.07

1.25

0.00

31.03

0.00

0.00

0.00

28.57

71.43

France

9

1.16

1.09

1.23

0.00

31.55

0.00

0.00

0.00

33.33

66.67

Georgia

4

1.14

1.08

1.20

0.00

4.12

0.25

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Germany

9

1.14

1.07

1.21

0.00

39.35

0.00

0.00

0.00

33.33

66.67

Greece

7

1.30

1.17

1.43

0.00

42.82

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Honduras

1

1.04

0.94

1.15

0.42

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

0.00

Hungary

9

1.14

1.08

1.20

0.00

25.18

0.00

0.00

0.00

22.22

77.78

Iceland

9

1.20

1.12

1.28

0.00

23.18

0.00

0.00

0.00

22.22

77.78

India

2

1.34

1.20

1.48

0.00

0.88

0.35

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Indonesia

8

1.09

1.03

1.16

0.00

26.54

0.00

0.00

0.00

37.50

62.50

Iran

3

1.03

0.98

1.07

0.22

0.56

0.76

0.00

0.00

100.00

0.00

Ireland

7

1.20

1.13

1.28

0.00

19.38

0.00

0.00

0.00

14.29

85.71

Israel

8

1.14

1.03

1.27

0.01

71.46

0.00

0.00

0.00

37.50

62.50

Italy

28

1.26

1.19

1.34

0.00

166.89

0.00

0.00

3.57

10.71

85.71

Japan

6

1.27

1.19

1.36

0.00

19.04

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Jordan

4

1.38

1.17

1.60

0.00

45.54

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Kazakhstan

2

1.32

1.19

1.48

0.00

1.07

0.30

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Korea

6

1.25

1.17

1.32

0.00

12.56

0.03

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Kosovo

1

1.17

1.08

1.27

0.00

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Kuwait

3

1.13

1.01

1.27

0.03

10.62

0.00

0.00

0.00

33.33

66.67

Kyrgyzstan

2

1.21

1.14

1.27

0.00

0.03

0.86

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Latvia

8

1.15

1.09

1.21

0.00

21.44

0.00

0.00

12.50

0.00

87.50

Lebanon

1

1.13

1.04

1.22

0.00

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Liechtenstein

5

1.23

1.16

1.31

0.00

4.31

0.37

0.00

20.00

20.00

60.00

Lithuania

7

1.12

1.06

1.17

0.00

16.22

0.01

0.00

0.00

28.57

71.43

Luxembourg

7

1.19

1.11

1.26

0.00

26.27

0.00

0.00

0.00

14.29

85.71

Macedonia

3

1.02

0.96

1.08

0.55

2.48

0.29

0.00

33.33

33.33

33.33

Malaysia

2

1.22

1.13

1.31

0.00

1.56

0.21

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Malta

4

1.14

1.09

1.20

0.00

1.22

0.75

0.00

0.00

25.00

75.00

Mauritius

1

1.06

0.98

1.15

0.13

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

0.00

Mexico

6

1.22

1.13

1.34

0.00

52.55

0.00

0.00

0.00

16.67

83.33

Miranda-Venezuela

1

1.11

1.02

1.20

0.01

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Moldova

4

1.15

1.06

1.26

0.00

10.64

0.01

0.00

0.00

25.00

75.00

Montenegro

4

1.25

1.14

1.36

0.00

14.38

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Morocco

4

1.11

1.01

1.22

0.03

18.77

0.00

0.00

0.00

25.00

75.00

Netherlands

9

1.12

1.04

1.21

0.00

71.51

0.00

0.00

0.00

44.44

55.56

New Zealand

9

1.20

1.15

1.25

0.00

17.58

0.02

0.00

0.00

11.11

88.89

Norway

10

1.19

1.12

1.26

0.00

40.06

0.00

0.00

10.00

10.00

80.00

Oman

1

1.27

1.20

1.35

0.00

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Panama

1

1.14

1.05

1.23

0.00

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Peru

4

1.12

1.00

1.26

0.05

24.39

0.00

0.00

25.00

0.00

75.00

Poland

8

1.21

1.14

1.30

0.00

32.30

0.00

0.00

0.00

12.50

87.50

Portugal

7

1.30

1.17

1.42

0.00

51.33

0.00

0.00

0.00

14.29

85.71

Qatar

6

1.23

1.15

1.31

0.00

32.84

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Romania

8

1.19

1.02

1.38

0.03

198.23

0.00

0.00

0.00

37.50

62.50

Russia

10

1.15

1.07

1.23

0.00

71.15

0.00

0.00

10.00

20.00

70.00

Saudi Arabia

1

1.75

1.62

1.90

0.00

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Serbia

3

1.22

1.03

1.45

0.02

28.67

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Singapore

6

1.16

1.12

1.20

0.00

4.03

0.54

0.00

16.67

0.00

83.33

Slovak Republic

8

1.14

1.09

1.19

0.00

24.71

0.00

0.00

0.00

37.50

62.50

Slovenia

7

1.23

1.14

1.32

0.00

37.38

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

South Africa

2

1.03

0.92

1.14

0.64

4.17

0.04

0.00

50.00

50.00

0.00

Spain

51

1.21

1.17

1.25

0.00

378.02

0.00

3.92

5.88

5.88

84.31

Sweden

10

1.11

1.06

1.16

0.00

22.19

0.01

0.00

10.00

20.00

70.00

Switzerland

6

1.13

1.09

1.16

0.00

3.26

0.66

0.00

0.00

16.67

83.33

Thailand

6

1.23

1.14

1.32

0.00

27.71

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Trinidad and Tobago

4

1.13

1.07

1.19

0.00

3.28

0.35

0.00

0.00

25.00

75.00

Tunisia

5

1.15

1.06

1.25

0.00

20.43

0.00

0.00

0.00

20.00

80.00

Turkey

6

1.16

1.08

1.26

0.00

27.33

0.00

0.00

0.00

16.67

83.33

UAE

9

1.27

1.21

1.32

0.00

38.36

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

United Kingdom

16

1.15

1.09

1.21

0.00

97.27

0.00

0.00

6.25

25.00

68.75

Englanda

3

1.04

0.95

1.13

0.00

4.85

0.09

0.00

25.00

25.00

50.00

Scotlanda

6

1.17

1.08

1.27

0.00

23.75

0.00

0.00

0.00

33.33

66.67

Northern Irelanda

1

1.07

0.97

1.19

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

0.00

United States

11

1.15

1.12

1.19

0.00

13.11

0.22

0.00

0.00

27.27

72.73

Uruguay

5

1.22

1.16

1.27

0.00

6.43

0.17

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Viet Nam

2

1.17

1.11

1.25

0.00

0.13

0.72

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Yugoslavia

1

1.32

1.22

1.43

0.00

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Overall

564

1.16

1.15

1.16

0.00

3650.87

0.00

0.35

3.55

17.02

79.08

  1. aNations of the UK administered separately/α Chinese districts administered separately