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An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 1 Variance ratios, confidence intervals and heterogeneity statistics for countries in the domain of mathematics literacy

From: Sex differences in variability across nations in reading, mathematics and science: a meta-analytic extension of Baye and Monseur (2016)

Country

k

VR

LCI

UCI

p

Q

Q (p)

Below 1 (sig) (%)

Below 1 (nsig) (%)

Above 1 (nsig) (%)

Above 1 (sig) (%)

Albania

4

1.13

1.06

1.20

0.00

6.28

0.10

0.00

0.00

25.00

75.00

Algeria

3

0.96

0.92

1.01

0.10

1.25

0.53

0.00

100.00

0.00

0.00

Argentina

9

1.12

1.02

1.23

0.01

69.53

0.00

0.00

33.30

11.10

55.60

Armenia

7

1.09

1.03

1.16

0.00

20.16

0.00

0.00

14.30

14.30

71.43

Australia

21

1.13

1.09

1.16

0.00

87.27

0.00

0.00

4.80

28.56

66.64

Austria

14

1.09

1.05

1.14

0.00

42.49

0.00

7.14

0.00

42.85

50.01

Azerbaijan

3

1.14

0.99

1.31

0.07

20.26

0.00

0.00

0.00

33.30

66.70

Bahrain

6

1.40

1.33

1.48

0.00

11.55

0.04

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Belgium

19

1.10

1.07

1.13

0.00

56.95

0.00

5.26

0.00

47.37

47.37

Bosnia/Herzegovina

1

1.06

0.97

1.15

0.20

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

0.00

Botswana

5

1.13

1.06

1.20

0.00

11.91

0.02

0.00

0.00

20.00

80.00

Brazil

6

1.11

1.06

1.16

0.00

12.29

0.03

0.00

0.00

16.70

83.30

Bulgaria

9

1.12

1.06

1.17

0.00

20.53

0.01

0.00

0.00

44.40

55.60

Canada

36

1.10

1.07

1.13

0.00

161.38

0.00

0.00

0.00

44.45

55.55

Chile

11

1.10

1.07

1.14

0.00

23.15

0.01

0.00

9.10

18.20

72.70

China

38

1.17

1.14

1.20

0.00

126.48

0.00

0.00

0.00

21.06

78.94

αTaipei

13

1.17

1.13

1.22

0.00

40.06

0.00

0.00

0.00

7.70

92.30

αMacao

5

1.15

1.07

1.23

0.00

14.09

0.01

0.00

0.00

20.00

80.00

αHong Kong

19

1.18

1.13

1.22

0.00

64.45

0.00

0.00

0.00

31.57

68.43

Colombia

8

1.11

1.07

1.15

0.00

10.44

0.17

0.00

12.50

12.50

75.00

Costa Rica

3

1.14

1.10

1.19

0.00

1.95

0.38

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Croatia

6

1.16

1.13

1.20

0.00

4.94

0.42

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Cyprus

12

1.15

1.10

1.20

0.00

23.11

0.02

0.00

0.00

50.00

50.00

Czech Republic

17

1.09

1.05

1.13

0.00

43.87

0.00

0.00

0.00

58.84

41.16

Denmark

13

1.07

1.04

1.11

0.00

15.96

0.19

0.00

7.69

53.85

38.46

Dominican Republic

1

1.11

1.02

1.20

0.01

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Egypt

3

1.08

1.02

1.14

0.01

4.43

0.11

0.00

0.00

33.30

66.70

El Salvador

2

1.01

0.88

1.16

0.88

5.22

0.02

0.00

50.00

50.00

0.00

Estonia

5

1.09

0.99

1.19

0.08

28.26

0.00

0.00

40.00

0.00

60.00

Finland

10

1.13

1.07

1.20

0.00

38.20

0.00

0.00

0.00

40.00

60.00

France

12

1.12

1.07

1.18

0.00

29.78

0.00

0.00

8.33

33.33

58.34

Georgia

8

1.18

1.14

1.21

0.00

7.23

0.41

0.00

0.00

12.50

87.50

Germany

13

1.09

1.04

1.14

0.00

33.52

0.00

0.00

7.69

53.85

38.46

Ghana

3

1.02

0.97

1.06

0.48

1.16

0.56

0.00

33.30

66.70

0.00

Greece

11

1.15

1.07

1.24

0.00

57.69

0.00

0.00

9.09

54.56

36.35

Honduras

2

1.01

0.94

1.09

0.73

1.35

0.25

0.00

50.00

50.00

0.00

Hungary

20

1.09

1.07

1.12

0.00

32.46

0.03

0.00

5.00

50.00

45.00

Iceland

11

1.11

1.04

1.18

0.00

32.37

0.00

0.00

9.11

63.62

27.27

India

2

1.19

1.07

1.31

0.00

0.77

0.38

0.00

0.00

50.00

50.00

Indonesia

11

1.05

1.01

1.10

0.03

36.51

0.00

0.00

27.30

54.50

18.20

Iran

14

1.14

1.08

1.20

0.00

78.23

0.00

0.00

0.00

35.71

64.29

Ireland

13

1.12

1.08

1.16

0.00

21.52

0.04

0.00

0.00

46.15

53.85

Israel

12

1.18

1.11

1.26

0.00

58.02

0.00

0.00

16.67

0.00

83.33

Italy

38

1.20

1.14

1.25

0.00

187.23

0.00

2.63

0.00

34.20

63.17

Japan

19

1.15

1.11

1.18

0.00

40.72

0.00

0.00

0.00

31.58

68.42

Jordan

9

1.26

1.17

1.36

0.00

65.59

0.00

0.00

0.00

11.10

88.90

Kazakhstan

8

1.13

1.06

1.20

0.00

30.63

0.00

0.00

0.00

50.00

50.00

Korea

17

1.12

1.08

1.17

0.00

51.06

0.00

0.00

0.00

29.41

70.59

Kosovo

1

1.13

1.04

1.22

0.00

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Kuwait

6

1.25

1.16

1.36

0.00

26.56

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Kyrgyzstan

2

1.21

1.14

1.28

0.00

0.44

0.51

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Latvia

14

1.13

1.09

1.18

0.00

26.54

0.01

0.00

0.00

42.86

57.14

Lebanon

7

1.09

1.05

1.14

0.00

6.22

0.40

0.00

0.00

57.10

42.90

Liechtenstein

5

1.19

1.07

1.32

0.00

12.12

0.02

0.00

20.00

20.00

60.00

Lithuania

17

1.10

1.07

1.13

0.00

24.87

0.07

0.00

11.76

35.29

52.95

Luxembourg

6

1.18

1.13

1.23

0.00

7.71

0.17

0.00

0.00

16.70

83.30

Macedonia

5

1.07

1.02

1.11

0.00

4.56

0.34

0.00

20.00

40.00

40.00

Malaysia

8

1.13

1.08

1.18

0.00

22.95

0.00

0.00

0.00

12.50

87.50

Malta

5

1.16

1.11

1.20

0.00

0.69

0.95

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Mauritius

1

1.10

1.02

1.19

0.01

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Mexico

6

1.19

1.14

1.24

0.00

16.33

0.01

0.00

16.70

0.00

83.30

Miranda-Venezuela

1

1.04

0.96

1.12

0.30

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

0.00

Moldova

5

1.09

1.04

1.16

0.00

7.74

0.10

0.00

0.00

40.00

60.00

Mongolia

2

1.02

0.96

1.08

0.52

0.18

0.67

0.00

0.00

100.00

0.00

Montenegro

4

1.19

1.05

1.35

0.01

31.79

0.00

0.00

0.00

25.00

75.00

Morocco

9

1.01

0.98

1.04

0.46

11.91

0.16

0.00

44.44

44.44

11.11

Netherlands

18

1.05

1.00

1.11

0.05

105.60

0.00

0.00

16.66

61.10

22.24

New Zealand

19

1.14

1.12

1.17

0.00

30.89

0.03

0.00

0.00

31.58

68.42

Norway

21

1.12

1.08

1.16

0.00

52.24

0.00

0.00

9.52

38.08

52.40

Oman

5

1.29

1.17

1.41

0.00

46.98

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Palestine

3

1.13

0.99

1.28

0.06

17.48

0.00

0.00

0.00

33.30

66.70

Panama

1

1.11

1.03

1.20

0.01

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Peru

4

1.11

1.04

1.18

0.00

6.90

0.08

0.00

0.00

50.00

50.00

Philippines

4

1.07

0.97

1.19

0.20

22.75

0.00

0.00

25.00

25.00

50.00

Poland

8

1.18

1.13

1.23

0.00

13.50

0.06

0.00

0.00

12.50

87.50

Portugal

13

1.15

1.07

1.22

0.00

77.96

0.00

0.00

0.00

38.46

61.54

Qatar

10

1.24

1.18

1.30

0.00

56.54

0.00

0.00

0.00

10.00

90.00

Romania

12

1.13

1.04

1.22

0.00

115.15

0.00

0.00

16.67

25.00

58.33

Russia

23

1.09

1.06

1.13

0.00

85.47

0.00

0.00

8.70

34.78

56.52

Saudi Arabia

6

1.43

1.25

1.63

0.00

72.75

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Serbia

7

1.16

1.10

1.23

0.00

17.39

0.01

0.00

0.00

14.30

85.70

Singapore

18

1.16

1.12

1.20

0.00

72.40

0.00

0.00

5.52

16.67

77.80

Slovak Republic

12

1.09

1.06

1.13

0.00

29.34

0.00

0.00

0.00

50.00

50.00

Slovenia

21

1.11

1.07

1.15

0.00

61.58

0.00

0.00

4.80

42.82

52.38

South Africa

7

1.06

1.01

1.12

0.03

27.25

0.00

0.00

14.29

42.86

42.86

Spain

71

1.15

1.12

1.18

0.00

299.92

0.00

1.41

2.82

33.79

61.98

Sweden

19

1.09

1.05

1.12

0.00

40.51

0.00

0.00

5.26

52.63

42.11

Switzerland

10

1.10

1.04

1.16

0.00

44.32

0.00

0.00

0.00

60.02

39.98

Syria

3

1.07

1.02

1.12

0.01

0.92

0.63

0.00

0.00

66.70

33.30

Thailand

15

1.12

1.07

1.18

0.00

79.52

0.00

0.00

13.34

26.67

59.99

Trinidad and Tobago

2

1.08

1.02

1.14

0.01

0.67

0.41

0.00

0.00

50.00

50.00

Tunisia

12

1.03

0.98

1.08

0.20

47.16

0.00

16.70

16.70

33.30

33.30

Turkey

11

1.11

1.06

1.16

0.00

45.62

0.00

0.00

0.00

45.50

54.50

Ukraine

3

1.20

1.14

1.26

0.00

1.76

0.41

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

UAE

22

1.27

1.22

1.32

0.00

194.96

0.00

0.00

0.00

9.10

90.90

United Kingdom

34

1.11

1.08

1.14

0.00

106.36

0.00

2.91

0.00

38.26

58.84

Englanda

13

1.09

1.04

1.14

0.00

36.44

0.00

7.68

0.00

46.15

46.17

Northern Irelanda

2

1.07

0.97

1.19

0.19

2.45

0.12

0.00

0.00

50.00

50.00

Scotlanda

13

1.13

1.08

1.19

0.00

41.60

0.00

0.00

0.00

46.15

53.85

United States

29

1.09

1.07

1.11

0.00

56.82

0.00

3.45

3.45

27.59

65.52

Uruguay

5

1.18

1.14

1.22

0.00

2.84

0.59

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Viet Nam

2

1.10

1.04

1.16

0.00

0.35

0.55

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Yemen

4

1.06

1.02

1.10

0.00

0.19

0.98

0.00

0.00

100.00

0.00

Yugoslavia

1

1.33

0.58

3.06

0.50

0.00

1.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

100.00

Overall

1054

1.118

1.114

1.123

0.000

5307.991

0.000

0.80

5.01

33.69

60.50

  1. aNations of the UK administered separately/α Chinese districts administered separately