Socio-economic gaps in subject interest: the mediating role of parental cognitive involvement

Caro, Daniel H.

doi:10.1186/s40536-018-0067-9

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 4 Family SES and subject-specific interest: causal mediation of parental cognitive involvement

From: Socio-economic gaps in subject interest: the mediating role of parental cognitive involvement

Education system	Student reading interest								Student mathematics interest
Education system	% Mediated		ACME		Direct		Total		% Mediated		ACME		Direct		Total
Austria	15.06		0.02	*	0.09		0.10		− 7.90		0.01	*	− 0.06		− 0.05
Azerbaijan	11.25	*	0.01	*	0.12	*	0.13	*	6.88	*	0.01	*	0.14	*	0.15	*
Canada (Quebec)	12.30	*	0.02	*	0.17	*	0.19	*	0.65		0.00		0.01		0.01
Chinese Taipei	8.90	*	0.02	*	0.15	*	0.17	*	17.83	*	0.03	*	0.12	*	0.14	*
Croatia	− 11.76		0.01		− 0.04		− 0.03		0.68		0.00		0.18	*	0.18	*
Czech Republic	1.98		0.00		0.16	*	0.17	*	11.73		− 0.01		− 0.02		− 0.03
Finland	6.78	*	0.01	*	0.16	*	0.18	*	− 1.55		0.00		0.13	*	0.12	*
Georgia	3.93		0.00		0.06		0.06		3.00		0.00		0.14	*	0.14	*
Hong Kong	24.31		0.01	*	0.03		0.04		10.05		0.02	*	− 0.01		0.00
Hungary	− 5.05		0.00		0.05		0.05		1.47		0.00		0.12	*	0.13	*
Iran	0.28		0.00		0.14	*	0.14	*	3.92	*	0.00		0.08	*	0.09	*
Ireland	8.03	*	0.01	*	0.11	*	0.12	*	− 11.30		0.01	*	− 0.06		− 0.05
Italy	19.82		0.01	*	0.04		0.05		3.85		0.01	*	0.00		0.01
Lithuania	− 6.28		0.00		− 0.04		− 0.04		2.41		0.00		0.12	*	0.13	*
Malta	35.24		0.03	*	0.06		0.09		16.90		0.01	*	0.04		0.06
Norway	21.81		0.02	*	0.06		0.08		9.56		0.01	*	0.12		0.14
Poland	2.95		0.00		0.16	*	0.16	*	− 2.37		0.00		0.11	*	0.10	*
Portugal	9.16	*	0.01	*	0.09	*	0.10	*	4.10		0.00		0.05		0.05
Romania	10.45	*	0.02	*	0.21	*	0.24	*	22.19	*	0.03	*	0.11	*	0.14	*
Russian Federation	− 15.13		0.01		− 0.06		− 0.05		2.47		0.00		0.12	*	0.12	*
Singapore	21.01	*	0.03	*	0.12	*	0.15	*	0.71		0.00		0.15	*	0.15	*
Slovak Republic	− 0.73		0.00		0.04		0.04		− 0.24		0.00		0.13	*	0.13	*
Slovenia	27.28		0.02	*	0.03		0.05		− 1.30		0.00		− 0.02		− 0.02
Spain	5.02		0.01	*	0.10	*	0.11	*	2.98		0.00		0.03		0.04
Sweden	36.00		0.03	*	0.04		0.08		10.61		0.01	*	0.03		0.04
United Arab Emirates	9.17	*	0.01	*	0.13	*	0.14	*	7.12	*	0.01	*	0.16	*	0.17	*
Abu Dhabi	13.81	*	0.02	*	0.11	*	0.13	*	5.08	*	0.01	*	0.17	*	0.18	*
Dubai	3.74	*	0.01	*	0.20	*	0.20	*	7.47	*	0.01	*	0.17	*	0.18	*

* Statistically significant (p<0.05). The mediating mechanism is parental literacy involvement for reading interest and parental numeracy involvement for mathematics interest. ACME is the average causal mediation effect \(\hat{\beta }_{2} \hat{\gamma }\); Direct is the direct effect of family SES \(\hat{\beta }_{3}\); Total is the total effect of family SES \(\hat{\beta }_{1}\); and % Mediated is the percentage of the family SES effect mediated by parental cognitive involvement mechanism

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