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An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Fig. 3 | Large-scale Assessments in Education

Fig. 3

From: Socio-economic gaps in subject interest: the mediating role of parental cognitive involvement

Fig. 3

Family SES and student reading interest: total, direct, and parental literacy involvement mediating association. Note. Black dots represent point estimates and solid lines 95% confidence intervals. ACME is the average causal mediation effect \(\hat{\beta }_{2} \hat{\gamma }\); ADE is the average direct effect of family SES \(\hat{\beta }_{3}\); and Total is the total effect of family SES \(\hat{\beta }_{1}\)

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