Fig. 3From: The TIMSS 2019 Item Equivalence Study: examining mode effects for computer-based assessment and implications for measuring trendsCountry distribution of mathematics and science score mode effects. Bars reflect average difference between paperTIMSS and eTIMSS scores, paired by country for mathematics and science. Negative values indicate that performance on eTIMSS was higher than performance on paperTIMSS, on average. Countries are ordered by size of average difference across mathematics and science. Errors bars represent 95% confidence intervals for estimated country difference scoresBack to article page