An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal
Variable | All students (N = 3083) (R-square .31) | Assessment in Arabic (N = 1947) (R-square .32) | Assessment in English (N = 1136) (R-square .20) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Regression coefficient | T-value | Regression coefficient | T-value | Regression coefficient | T-value | |
Constant | 132.01 | 4.13** | 114.35 | 3.10** | 234.92 | 4.35** |
Time parent spent on reading at home | 8.87 | 3.47** | 7.10 | 2.87** | 8.38 | 1.78* |
Number of books at home | 12.10 | 4.74** | 8.07 | 4.59** | 11.21 | 2.91** |
Parent expectation of child’s education | 15.79 | 7.60** | 14.79 | 6.64** | 13.92 | 3.67** |
Literacy level when starting school | 22.81 | 6.84** | 24.82 | 8.57** | 13.77 | 2.13* |
Parent involvement in learning | − 16.18 | − 2.87** | − 15.18 | − 1.98* | − 18.02 | − 2.07* |
Intrinsic reading motivation | − 1.63 | − .45 | 1.15 | .28 | − .43 | − .07 |
Student self-efficacy in reading | 33.31 | 14.65** | 29.52 | 11.31** | 29.71 | 7.71** |
Extrinsic reading motivation | 20.76 | 3.61** | 24.84 | 3.69** | 13.03 | 1.44 |
Student gender | − 18.37 | − 2.93** | − 23.68 | − 3.03** | − 14.89 | − 1.51 |