Measuring the signaling value of educational degrees: secondary education systems and the internal homogeneity of educational groups

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 2 Values of country-level predictors

Country	Between-school inequality of instructional resources	External differentiation index (tracking)	Vocational orientation index	Standardization of input	Standardization of output
Austria	0.0130	1.817	1.701	− 0.095	0
Belgium	0.0093	1.018	0.945	0.033	0
Canada	0.0240	− 1.321	− 1.723	0.905	0.51
Czech Rep.	0.0105	1.621	1.744	− 0.595	1
Denmark	0.0332	− 0.870	0.455	− 0.298	1
Estonia	0.0177	n/a	− 0.441	− 0.647	1
Finland	0.0153	− 0.870	0.737	− 0.614	1
France	n/a	− 0.474	0.393	− 0.008	n/a
Germany	0.0185	1.862	0.887	0.018	0.44
Ireland	0.0309	− 0.302	− 0.354	− 0.236	1
Italy	0.0341	0.166	0.948	− 0.340	1
Japan	0.0190	− 0.474	− 0.729	− 1.243	1
Korea	0.0240	0.072	− 0.550	− 1.151	1
Netherlands	0.0104	0.937	1.260	− 0.701	1
Norway	0.0147	− 1.043	0.885	0.459	1
Poland	n/a	− 0.083	0.296	− 0.498	n/a
Slovakia	0.0180	1.621	1.492	0.817	1
Spain	0.0213	− 1.020	− 0.001	− 0.841	0
Sweden	0.0212	− 0.870	0.686	− 0.127	0
United Kingdom	0.0185	− 1.043	0.467	− 0.592	1
United States	0.0280	− 1.321	− 1.844	− 1.089	0.09
Mean	0.0201	− 0.029	0.345	− 0.326	0.69
Std. dev.	0.0075	1.111	0.995	0.581	0.44