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Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IEA-ETS Research Institute Journal

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Table 7 Logistic regressions for Q4 analyses

From: How long is the shadow? The relationships of family background to selected adult outcomes: results from PIAAC

Variable Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
B Sig. B Sig. B Sig.
AUT
 Basic demo
  Female − 0.76 0.00 − 0.66 0.00 − 0.70 0.00
  Age 25–34 − 1.00 0.00 − 1.18 0.00 − 1.27 0.00
  Age 35–44 − 0.07 0.62 − 0.16 0.26 − 0.14 0.32
  ParEd = below HS − 0.53 0.00 − 0.25 0.18 − 0.06 0.78
  ParEd = HS − 0.17 0.23 − 0.06 0.66 0.08 0.57
  ≤ 25 books at home − 0.97 0.00 − 0.52 0.01 − 0.31 0.10
  26–100 books at home − 0.54 0.00 − 0.32 0.02 − 0.22 0.11
 Cognitive Skills
  Std. (Lit + Num)    0.74 0.00 0.57 0.00
 Education Attainment
  EDATT = below HS      − 1.93 0.00
  EDATT = HS      − 1.13 0.00
  EDATT = some college      − 0.49 0.00
  Reference group 1.35 0.00 1.06 0.00 1.79 0.00
  Observation 1851 1851 1851
BEL
Basic demo
 Female − 0.82 0.00 − 0.73 0.00 − 0.95 0.00
 Age 25–34 − 1.55 0.00 − 1.81 0.00 − 1.97 0.00
 Age 35–44 − 0.51 0.00 − 0.63 0.00 − 0.68 0.00
 ParEd = below HS − 0.77 0.00 − 0.39 0.02 0.03 0.88
 ParEd = HS − 0.44 0.00 − 0.26 0.09 − 0.01 0.96
 ≤ 25 books at home − 0.63 0.00 − 0.33 0.05 − 0.18 0.33
 26–100 books at home − 0.01 0.93 0.10 0.50 0.14 0.39
Cognitive Skills
 Std. (Lit + Num)    0.84 0.00 0.48 0.00
Education Attainment
 EDATT = below HS      − 2.44 0.00
 EDATT = HS      − 1.96 0.00
 EDATT = some college      − 1.26 0.00
 Reference group 0.39 0.01 − 0.16 0.28 1.03 0.00
 Observation 1739 1739 1739
CZE
Basic demo
 Female − 1.19 0.00 − 1.16 0.00 − 1.27 0.00
 Age 25–34 0.27 0.29 0.12 0.64 0.13 0.61
 Age 35–44 0.36 0.15 0.30 0.23 0.30 0.26
 ParEd = below HS − 1.45 0.00 − 1.22 0.00 − 0.82 0.01
 ParEd = HS − 0.86 0.00 − 0.74 0.00 − 0.46 0.02
 ≤ 25 books at home − 1.14 0.00 − 0.80 0.05 − 0.70 0.08
 26–100 books at home − 0.42 0.04 − 0.30 0.13 − 0.17 0.40
Cognitive Skills
 Std. (Lit + Num)    0.39 0.00 0.21 0.09
Education Attainment
 EDATT = below HS      − 1.35 0.02
 EDATT = HS      − 0.99 0.00
 EDATT = some college      − 0.30 0.38
 Reference group − 0.06 0.81 − 0.22 0.41 0.28 0.32
 Observation 1808 1808 1807
DEN
Basic demo
 Female − 0.93 0.00 − 0.90 0.00 − 1.13 0.00
 Age 25–34 − 0.93 0.00 − 1.16 0.00 − 1.43 0.00
 Age 35–44 − 0.09 0.50 − 0.24 0.09 − 0.30 0.04
 ParEd = below HS − 0.47 0.00 − 0.25 0.12 0.01 0.95
 ParEd = HS − 0.31 0.02 − 0.09 0.51 0.18 0.27
 ≤ 25 books at home − 0.77 0.00 − 0.39 0.02 − 0.21 0.23
 26–100 books at home − 0.73 0.00 − 0.55 0.00 − 0.40 0.00
Cognitive Skills
 Std. (Lit + Num)    0.93 0.00 0.66 0.00
Education Attainment
 EDATT = below HS      − 2.13 0.00
 EDATT = HS      − 1.68 0.00
 EDATT = some college      − 1.19 0.00
 Reference group 0.34 0.01 − 0.12 0.44 1.04 0.00
 Observation 2478 2478 2476
DEU
Basic demo
 Female − 0.94 0.00 − 0.88 0.00 − 1.09 0.00
 Age 25–34 − 1.14 0.00 − 1.38 0.00 − 1.44 0.00
 Age 35–44 − 0.09 0.48 − 0.29 0.04 − 0.20 0.17
 ParEd = below HS − 1.46 0.00 − 0.96 0.01 − 0.57 0.12
 ParEd = HS − 0.39 0.00 − 0.25 0.04 0.07 0.60
 ≤ 25 books at home − 1.05 0.00 − 0.37 0.06 − 0.14 0.52
 26–100 books at home − 0.50 0.00 − 0.27 0.07 − 0.10 0.53
Cognitive Skills
 Std. (Lit + Num)    1.08 0.00 0.76 0.00
Education Attainment
 EDATT = below HS      − 2.51 0.00
 EDATT = HS      − 1.80 0.00
 EDATT = some college      − 1.37 0.00
 Reference group 0.63 0.00 0.16 0.30 1.19 0.00
 Observation 1696 1696 1696
ESP
Basic demo
 Female − 0.59 0.00 − 0.47 0.00 − 0.90 0.00
 Age 25–34 − 1.08 0.00 − 1.09 0.00 − 1.07 0.00
 Age 35–44 − 0.34 0.01 − 0.42 0.00 − 0.43 0.00
 ParEd = below HS − 0.50 0.01 − 0.30 0.12 0.13 0.53
 ParEd = HS 0.01 0.95 0.15 0.45 0.41 0.07
 ≤ 25 books at home − 1.02 0.00 − 0.53 0.01 − 0.31 0.14
 26–100 books at home − 0.37 0.02 − 0.23 0.17 − 0.24 0.17
Cognitive Skills
 Std. (Lit + Num)    0.81 0.00 0.42 0.00
Education Attainment
 EDATT = below HS      − 2.06 0.00
 EDATT = HS      − 1.48 0.00
 EDATT = some college      − 0.96 0.00
 Reference group 0.62 0.00 − 0.05 0.80 0.84 0.00
 Observation 1790 1790 1789
EST
Basic demo
 Female − 1.36 0.00 − 1.34 0.00 − 1.56 0.00
 Age 25–34 0.33 0.00 0.26 0.03 0.41 0.00
 Age 35–44 0.14 0.26 0.13 0.27 0.22 0.07
 ParEd = below HS − 0.87 0.00 − 0.74 0.00 − 0.48 0.00
 ParEd = HS − 0.60 0.00 − 0.50 0.00 − 0.37 0.00
 ≤ 25 books at home − 1.00 0.00 − 0.68 0.01 − 0.64 0.01
 26–100 books at home − 0.52 0.00 − 0.34 0.01 − 0.30 0.02
Cognitive Skills
 Std. (Lit + Num)    0.45 0.00 0.28 0.00
Education Attainment
 EDATT = Below HS      − 1.09 0.00
 EDATT = HS      − 1.13 0.00
 EDATT = some college      − 0.82 0.00
 Reference group 0.54 0.00 0.33 0.02 0.96 0.00
 Observation 2562 2562 2561
FIN
Basic demo
 Female − 1.22 0.00 − 1.22 0.00 − 1.55 0.00
 Age 25–34 − 1.38 0.00 − 1.58 0.00 − 1.72 0.00
 Age 35–44 − 0.30 0.02 − 0.36 0.00 − 0.45 0.00
 ParEd = below HS − 0.31 0.04 − 0.14 0.39 0.17 0.29
 ParEd = HS − 0.19 0.15 − 0.06 0.67 0.18 0.21
 ≤ 25 books at home − 0.82 0.00 − 0.51 0.01 − 0.32 0.10
 26–100 books at home − 0.35 0.00 − 0.23 0.05 − 0.13 0.27
Cognitive Skills       
 Std. (Lit + Num)    0.61 0.00 0.36 0.00
Education Attainment       
 EDATT = below HS      − 1.77 0.00
 EDATT = HS      − 1.59 0.00
 EDATT = some college      − 0.99 0.00
 Reference group 0.39 0.01 0.17 0.26 0.94 0.00
 Observation 2154 2154 2154
FRA
Basic demo
 Female − 0.62 0.00 − 0.59 0.00 − 0.87 0.00
 Age 25–34 − 1.20 0.00 − 1.53 0.00 − 1.78 0.00
 Age 35–44 − 0.48 0.00 − 0.66 0.00 − 0.86 0.00
 ParEd = below HS − 0.89 0.00 − 0.49 0.00 − 0.04 0.79
 ParEd = HS − 0.73 0.00 − 0.48 0.00 − 0.13 0.37
 ≤ 25 books at home − 1.01 0.00 − 0.52 0.00 − 0.37 0.06
 26–100 books at home − 0.40 0.00 − 0.27 0.04 − 0.18 0.16
Cognitive Skills
 Std. (Lit + Num)    0.93 0.00 0.56 0.00
Education Attainment
 EDATT = below HS      − 2.15 0.00
 EDATT = HS      − 1.80 0.00
 EDATT = some college      − 0.63 0.00
 Reference group 0.54 0.00 − 0.05 0.77 0.97 0.00
 Observation 2180 2180 2179
GBR
Basic demo
 Female − 0.61 0.00 − 0.52 0.00 − 0.65 0.00
 Age 25–34 − 0.84 0.00 − 0.96 0.00 − 1.10 0.00
 Age 35–44 0.11 0.48 0.05 0.78 0.03 0.85
 ParEd = below HS − 1.25 0.00 − 0.87 0.00 − 0.64 0.01
 ParEd = HS − 0.75 0.00 − 0.67 0.00 − 0.44 0.02
 ≤ 25 books at home − 0.06 0.76 0.38 0.07 0.40 0.06
 26–100 books at home − 0.04 0.79 0.13 0.33 0.19 0.17
Cognitive Skills
 Std. (Lit + Num)    0.74 0.00 0.60 0.00
Education Attainment
 EDATT = below HS      − 1.18 0.00
 EDATT = HS      − 1.14 0.00
 EDATT = some college      − 0.93 0.00
 Reference group 0.68 0.00 0.14 0.48 0.74 0.00
 Observation 2581 2581 2574
IRL
Basic demo
 Female − 0.19 0.07 − 0.07 0.55 − 0.31 0.01
 Age 25–34 − 1.00 0.00 − 1.16 0.00 − 1.35 0.00
 Age 35–44 − 0.02 0.89 − 0.13 0.39 − 0.19 0.24
 ParEd = below HS − 0.62 0.00 − 0.45 0.00 − 0.17 0.17
 ParEd = HS − 0.32 0.01 − 0.25 0.07 − 0.04 0.79
 ≤ 25 books at home − 0.26 0.14 0.22 0.27 0.39 0.05
 26–100 books at home − 0.13 0.35 0.01 0.97 0.09 0.55
Cognitive Skills
 Std. (Lit + Num) 0.94 0.00 0.52 0.00 1.37 0.00
Education Attainment
 EDATT = below HS      − 1.51 0.00
 EDATT = HS      − 1.43 0.00
 EDATT = some college      − 1.21 0.00
 Reference group 0.94 0.00 0.52 0.00 1.37 0.00
 Observation 1892 1892 1892
ITA
Basic demo
 Female − 0.74 0.00 − 0.72 0.00 − 0.94 0.00
 Age 25–34 − 1.34 0.00 − 1.44 0.00 − 1.60 0.00
 Age 35–44 − 0.48 0.00 − 0.50 0.00 − 0.51 0.00
 ParEd = below HS − 0.77 0.01 − 0.59 0.05 − 0.15 0.65
 ParEd = HS − 0.41 0.15 − 0.36 0.22 − 0.05 0.88
 ≤ 25 books at home − 0.87 0.00 − 0.58 0.00 − 0.33 0.14
 26–100 books at home − 0.57 0.00 − 0.47 0.01 − 0.34 0.07
Cognitive Skills
 Std. (Lit + Num)    0.46 0.00 0.37 0.00
Education Attainment
 EDATT = below HS      − 1.28 0.00
 EDATT = HS      − 1.08 0.00
 EDATT = some college      − 0.88 0.10
 Reference group 0.78 0.00 0.43 0.15 0.95 0.00
 Observation 1577 1577 1577
JPN
Basic demo
 Female − 1.64 0.00 − 1.62 0.00 − 1.53 0.00
 Age 25–34 − 1.88 0.00 − 2.05 0.00 − 2.05 0.00
 Age 35–44 − 0.53 0.00 − 0.64 0.00 − 0.61 0.00
 ParEd = below HS − 0.45 0.03 − 0.34 0.10 − 0.12 0.54
 ParEd = HS − 0.41 0.00 − 0.35 0.01 − 0.20 0.19
 ≤ 25 books at home − 0.97 0.00 − 0.73 0.00 − 0.62 0.00
 26–100 books at home − 0.64 0.00 − 0.51 0.00 − 0.47 0.00
Cognitive Skills
 Std. (Lit + Num)    0.51 0.00 0.39 0.00
Education Attainment
 EDATT = below HS      − 0.61 0.10
 EDATT = HS      − 0.84 0.00
 EDATT = some college      − 0.77 0.00
 Reference group 1.63 0.00 1.46 0.00 1.79 0.00
 Observation 1812 1812 1811
KOR
Basic demo
 Female − 1.27 0.00 − 1.18 0.00 − 1.09 0.00
 Age 25–34 − 1.72 0.00 − 2.01 0.00 − 2.13 0.00
 Age 35–44 − 0.19 0.12 − 0.39 0.00 − 0.48 0.00
 ParEd = Below HS − 0.82 0.00 − 0.64 0.00 − 0.46 0.00
 ParEd = HS − 0.19 0.22 − 0.08 0.62 0.00 0.99
 ≤ 25 books at home − 0.46 0.01 − 0.18 0.30 0.07 0.70
 26–100 books at home − 0.14 0.34 − 0.01 0.96 0.06 0.71
Cognitive Skills
 Std. (Lit + Num)    0.56 0.00 0.37 0.00
Education Attainment
 EDATT = below HS      − 1.97 0.00
 EDATT = HS      − 0.90 0.00
 EDATT = some college      − 0.61 0.00
 Reference group 0.33 0.08 0.07 0.71 0.51 0.02
 Observation 2707 2707 2707
NLD
Basic demo
 Female − 1.02 0.00 − 0.95 0.00 − 1.19 0.00
 Age 25–34 − 1.49 0.00 − 1.80 0.00 − 1.84 0.00
 Age 35–44 − 0.14 0.33 − 0.34 0.03 − 0.32 0.05
 ParEd = below HS − 0.60 0.00 − 0.45 0.01 − 0.10 0.62
 ParEd = HS − 0.19 0.28 − 0.18 0.31 0.03 0.88
 ≤ 25 Books at Home − 0.76 0.00 − 0.25 0.16 − 0.10 0.57
 26–100 books at home − 0.47 0.00 − 0.26 0.09 − 0.20 0.20
Cognitive Skills
 Std. (Lit + Num)    0.90 0.00 0.64 0.00
Education Attainment
 EDATT = below HS      − 1.62 0.00
 EDATT = HS      − 1.35 0.00
 EDATT = some college      − 0.09 0.79
 Reference group 1.21 0.00 0.89 0.00 1.53 0.00
 Observation 1384 1384 1384
NOR
Basic demo
 Female − 1.16 0.00 − 1.10 0.00 − 1.30 0.00
 Age 25–34 − 1.04 0.00 − 1.14 0.00 − 1.10 0.00
 Age 35–44 − 0.08 0.49 − 0.19 0.11 − 0.20 0.09
 ParEd = below HS − 0.65 0.00 − 0.43 0.00 − 0.20 0.17
 ParEd = HS − 0.39 0.00 − 0.28 0.01 − 0.16 0.16
 ≤ 25 books at home − 0.86 0.00 − 0.31 0.11 − 0.23 0.23
 26–100 books at home − 0.34 0.00 − 0.08 0.50 − 0.03 0.83
Cognitive Skills
 Std. (Lit + Num)    0.86 0.00 0.68 0.00
Education Attainment
 EDATT = below HS      − 1.12 0.00
 EDATT = HS      − 0.94 0.00
 EDATT = some college      − 0.17 0.20
 Reference group 0.41 0.00 0.04 0.74 0.42 0.00
 Observation 2154 2154 2153
POL
Basic demo
 Female − 0.92 0.00 − 0.92 0.00 − 1.10 0.00
 Age 25–34 − 0.24 0.27 − 0.35 0.13 − 0.46 0.06
 Age 35–44 − 0.21 0.34 − 0.26 0.24 − 0.30 0.19
 ParEd = below HS − 1.18 0.00 − 0.96 0.01 − 0.73 0.06
 ParEd = HS − 0.35 0.10 − 0.19 0.36 0.01 0.97
 ≤ 25 books at home − 1.47 0.00 − 1.05 0.00 − 0.81 0.00
 26–100 books at home − 0.62 0.00 − 0.43 0.03 − 0.33 0.10
Cognitive Skills
 Std. (Lit + Num)    0.59 0.00 0.45 0.00
Education Attainment
 EDATT = below HS      0.04 0.94
 EDATT = HS      − 1.06 0.00
 EDATT = some college      − 0.51 0.11
 Reference group − 0.77 0.00 − 0.77 0.00 − 0.41 0.16
 Observation 2061 2061 2061
SVK
Basic demo
 Female − 1.41 0.00 − 1.36 0.00 − 1.48 0.00
 Age 25–34 − 0.21 0.54 − 0.25 0.47 − 0.24 0.49
 Age 35–44 0.08 0.80 0.02 0.94 0.08 0.80
 ParEd = below HS − 0.70 0.24 − 0.34 0.57 0.20 0.74
 ParEd = HS − 0.37 0.29 − 0.20 0.57 0.19 0.58
 ≤ 25 books at home − 1.10 0.03 − 0.68 0.18 − 0.26 0.61
 26–100 books at home − 0.55 0.05 − 0.37 0.16 − 0.12 0.63
Cognitive Skills
 Std. (Lit + Num)    0.73 0.00 0.56 0.01
Education Attainment
 EDATT = Below HS      − 2.61 0.00
 EDATT = HS (or some college)      − 1.34 0.00
 Reference group − 1.90 0.00 − 2.55 0.00 − 2.15 0.00
 Observation 2066 2066 2066
SWE
Basic demo
 Female − 0.84 0.00 − 0.85 0.00 − 1.02 0.00
 Age 25–34 − 0.86 0.00 − 1.01 0.00 − 1.01 0.00
 Age 35–44 − 0.20 0.11 − 0.27 0.05 − 0.26 0.07
 ParEd = below HS − 0.54 0.00 − 0.37 0.01 − 0.18 0.24
 ParEd = HS − 0.22 0.10 − 0.15 0.27 − 0.04 0.75
 ≤ 25 books at Home − 0.97 0.00 − 0.40 0.07 − 0.37 0.09
 26–100 books at home − 0.70 0.00 − 0.36 0.01 − 0.26 0.05
Cognitive Skills
 Std. (Lit + Num)    0.78 0.00 0.57 0.00
Education Attainment
 EDATT = below HS      − 1.10 0.00
 EDATT = HS      − 0.88 0.00
 EDATT = some college      − 0.11 0.50
 Reference group 0.83 0.00 0.53 0.00 0.98 0.00
 Observation 1690 1690 1690
USA
Basic demo
 Female − 0.62 0.00 − 0.53 0.00 − 0.78 0.00
 Age 25–34 − 0.96 0.00 − 1.03 0.00 − 1.07 0.00
 Age 35–44 − 0.26 0.06 − 0.30 0.04 − 0.35 0.02
 ParEd = below HS − 1.44 0.00 − 0.91 0.00 − 0.63 0.01
 ParEd = HS − 0.30 0.01 − 0.13 0.23 0.02 0.83
 ≤ 25 books at home − 0.61 0.00 − 0.17 0.30 0.09 0.57
 26–100 books at home − 0.30 0.04 − 0.15 0.30 − 0.07 0.63
Cognitive Skills
 Std. (Lit + Num)    0.79 0.00 0.48 0.00
Education Attainment
 EDATT = below HS      − 3.01 0.00
 EDATT = HS      − 1.39 0.00
 EDATT = some college      − 1.02 0.00
 Reference group 0.95 0.00 0.44 0.00 1.25 0.00
 Observation 1700 1700 1700
  1. Model 1 = Gender, Age, ParEd, # of books at home
  2. Model 2 = M1 + Cognitive Skill (standardized Literacy & Numeracy score)
  3. Model 3 = M2 + Education Attainment
  4. Reference Group = Male, Age 45–54, ParEd = At least one BA + , 101 books or more, EDATT = BA+
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