An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal
Table 6 Results of multi-group regression analyses of the impact of students’ and home characteristics on ‘Students’ Attitude Toward Reading’ in a cross-country comparison (unstandardized betas, significant effects in italic)
| Â | France | Germany | Italy | Netherlands | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | |
Intercept | .00 | − .49 (.14) | .00 | − .66 (.16) | .00 | − .77 (.13) | .00 | − .74 (.17) |
b | SE | b | SE | b | SE | b | SE | |
Student and home characteristics | ||||||||
 Spoken test language at home | − .00 (.08) | .02 (.07) | .05 (.09) | − .02 (.10) | .01 (.08) | .06 (.07) | − .01 (.10) | .05 (.08) |
 Books at home | .13 (.04) | .22 (.04) | .33 (.04) | .23 (.04) | .08 (.04) | .10 (.03) | .20 (.04) | .08 (.04) |
 Books for children at home | .03 (.04) | .02 (.05) | .07 (.05) | .16 (.04) | .08 (.05) | .04 (.04) | .05 (.05) | .06 (.04) |
 Highest parental educational status | .03 (.04) | .03 (.04) | .02 (.04) | .00 (.04) | − .01 (.03) | − .01 (.03) | .07 (.04) | − .03 (.04) |
 Parents like reading | .16 (.04) | .11 (.04) | .05 (.04) | .11 (.04) | .06 (.04) | − .02 (.04) | .04 (.05) | .10 (.04) |
 Early literacy activities | .06 (.04) | .07 (.04) | .04 (.04) | .00 (.04) | .11 (.03) | .02 (.03) | .04 (.04) | .07 (.03) |
 Reading outside school | .43 (.03) | .50 (.04) | .28 (.03) | .39 (.04) | .28 (.04) | .33 (.04) | .35 (.04) | .38 (.04) |
 Borrow books from a library | .14 (.10) | .24 (.08) | .23 (.09) | .37 (.08) | .24 (.08) | .31 (.07) | .26 (.11) | .36 (.09) |
 R2 | .26 | .27 | .26 | .27 | .14 | .16 | .20 | .26 |
 Χ2 | 144.159 | 119.004 | 167.596 | 118.272 | ||||
 df | 60 | 60 | 60 | 60 | ||||
 p | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | < .001 | ||||
 RMSEA | .03 | .03 | .03 | .03 | ||||
 CFI | .98 | .99 | .98 | .99 | ||||
 TLI | .98 | .99 | .98 | .99 | ||||
 WRMR | 1.50 | 1.25 | 1.54 | 1.27 | ||||