Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 5 Estimated gender differences by country in ‘Students’ Attitude Toward Reading’ with and without considering strict measurement equivalence (ME) (reference group is girls)

From: Promoting reading attitudes of girls and boys: a new challenge for educational policy? Multi-group analyses across four European countries

	Basic model		Strict MI
	∆M (SE)	p <	∆M (SE)	p <
France	− .21 (.08)	.01	− .43 (.05)	.001
Germany	− .57 (.07)	.001	− .62 (.05)	.001
Italy	− .57 (.07)	.001	− .62 (.05)	.001
Netherlands	− .64 (.06)	.001	− .58 (.05)	.001

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