Performance decline in low-stakes educational assessments: different mixture modeling approaches

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 1 Model fit

Model	No. of free parameters	LL	AIC	BIC
2PLM	63	− 217,085	434,296	434,763
2PDM	91	− 214,224	428,630	429,304
HYBRID	71	− 213,978	428,098	428,624
MPDM	71	− 213,964	428,070	428,596

LL: log likelihood; AIC (BIC): Akaike’s (Bayesian) Information Criterion; 2PLM: multigroup 2PLM; 2PDM: multigroup two-class performance decline model; HYBRID: multigroup HYBRID model; MPDM: multigroup multiclass performance decline model