An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal
Table 2 Overview of the internal consistency of the scale and the highest level of measurement invariance per country and grouping variable
Country | α | Gender | Age groups | Level of education | Migration background |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | .837 | Strong | Strong | Partial strong | Strong |
Austria | .811 | Strong | Partial strong | Strong | Strong |
Canada | .812 | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong |
Czech Republic | .755 | Partial strong | Weak | Weak | n/a |
Denmark | .785 | Strong | Partial strong | Partial strong | Partial strong |
Estonia | .825 | Strong | Strong | Strong | n/a |
Finland | .745 | Strong | n/a | Weak | n/a |
France | .780 | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong |
Germany | .790 | Strong | Partial strong | Strong | Strong |
Ireland | .820 | Strong | Strong | Partial strong | Strong |
Italy | .836 | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong |
Japan | .804 | Strong | Strong | Strong | n/a |
Korea | .844 | Strong | Partial strong | Partial strong | n/a |
The Netherlands | .824 | Strong | Strong | Partial Strong | Strong |
Norway | .761 | Strong | n/a | Partial Strong | Weak |
Poland | .840 | Strong | Strong | Strong | n/a |
Slovak Republic | .886 | Strong | Strong | n/a | Strong |
Spain | .773 | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong |
Sweden | .784 | Strong | Partial strong | Strong | Weak |
United Kingdom | .837 | Strong | Partial strong | Partial strong | Strong |
United States | .822 | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong |