Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 6 Descriptive statistics of R² (explained variance of achievement score) across countries by model and study

From: Evaluating the risk of nonresponse bias in educational large-scale assessments with school nonresponse questionnaires: a theoretical study

PIRLS	Model
PIRLS	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
Minimum	0.00	0.00	0.00	−0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.09
Maximum	0.40	0.48	0.55	0.61	0.61	0.62	0.73	0.73	0.73	0.75	0.77
Standard Deviation	0.10	0.12	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.14
Cross-country average	0.13	0.17	0.21	0.23	0.24	0.26	0.28	0.29	0.30	0.32	0.34

TIMSS grade 4	Model
TIMSS grade 4	1	2	3	4	5	6
Minimum	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.03
Maximum	0.50	0.60	0.65	0.66	0.66	0.66
Standard deviation	0.13	0.14	0.14	0.15	0.14	0.14
Cross-country average	0.13	0.16	0.18	0.21	0.22	0.24

TIMSS grade 8	Model
TIMSS grade 8	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
Minimum	−0.01	−0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.05	0.09	0.12
Maximum	0.33	0.38	0.46	0.50	0.55	0.56	0.60	0.60	0.65	0.67
Standard deviation	0.10	0.11	0.12	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.15	0.15	0.14	0.14
Cross-country average	0.12	0.15	0.20	0.24	0.25	0.26	0.30	0.31	0.34	0.36

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