Personality, competencies, and life outcomes: results from the German PIAAC longitudinal study

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 6 Relationships between personality, literacy, and important life outcomes

Model	Educational attainment (ISCED)^a			Employment status (full-time)^a,b			Continuing education^a,b
Model	I	II	III	I	II	III	I	II	III
Extraversion (linear)	−.09***		−.04*	.01		.02	−.02		−.01
Agreeableness (linear)	−.04*		−.03	−.12***		−.12***	−.05*		−.05
Conscientiousness (linear)	−.03		.01	.17***		.17***	.03		.04
Emotional stability (linear)	.12***		.06***	.12***		.12***	.06*		.05*
Openness (linear)	.14***		.10***	−.02		−.02	.01		.01
Extraversion (quadratic)	−.02		−.02	.05		.05	−.04		−.05*
Agreeableness (quadratic)	−.04*		−.03	−.02		−.01	.02		.02
Conscientiousness (quadratic)	−.07***		−.03	.01		.01	−.03		−.02
Emotional stability (quadratic)	−.03		−.02	−.01		−.01	−.02		−.02
Openness (quadratic)	−.01		.00	−.01		−.01	.01		.02
Literacy		.50***	.48***		.09**	.10***		.20***	.20***
Age	.16***	.25***	.24***	−.15***	−.11***	−.13***	−.07**	−.02	−.03
Gender (women)	−.01	−.03	−.02	−.53***	−.53***	−.53***	−.03	−.05*	−.04
Education	−	−	−	.27***	.23***	.23***	.34***	.26***	.25***
Migration (migrant)	−.09***	.01	.01	−.03	−.02	−.01	−.08***	−.05*	−.05*
N	3174	3174	3174	2868	2868	2868	2800	2800	2800
R²	.08	.27	.28	.31^c	.29^c	.31^c	.13^c	.15^c	.15^c

Values are standardized regression coefficients, * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001
^aOnly respondents who have completed their education (paus1_14)
^bOnly respondents who are not retired
^cPseudo R². The regression coefficients for literacy maximally changed by ∆ = .04