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An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 3 Total variance and explained variance in mathematics achievement across countries

From: Context factors and student achievement in the IEA studies: evidence from TIMSS

 

All students

Students from schools with low SES level

Students from schools with high SES level

Variance without controls

% of variance explained by model

Variance without controls

% of variance explained by model

Variance without controls

% of variance explained by model

Total variance

% of variance between schools

Within schools

Between schools

Total variance

% of variance between schools

Within schools

Between schools

Total variance

% of variance between schools

Within schools

Between schools

Armenia

7867

23

22

13

8490

25

22

0

7460

23

20

18

Australia

7602

62

31

63

5799

43

30

38

7374

65

34

63

Chile

6536

44

34

73

4741

23

26

12

6572

45

42

68

Chinese Taipei

10,690

21

36

68

10,491

10

37

43

8458

16

36

44

England

7509

68

19

64

4773

32

24

50

4773

32

35

0

Finland

4131

13

43

20

4097

16

40

31

3711

5

44

0

Georgia

9701

27

32

47

8904

20

30

20

9414

29

37

52

Hong Kong, SAR

7620

64

25

61

6584

47

23

8

3850

38

27

50

Hungary

8925

42

43

74

9154

37

38

77

4912

10

48

0

Israel

8991

42

31

65

8991

42

31

65

5799

20

33

3

Italy

5461

26

38

32

5322

25

32

9

4678

15

36

0

Japan

6781

11

31

53

6602

5

30

18

6647

15

28

56

Republic of Korea

7865

9

43

73

7572

2

42

51

7385

10

43

48

Lebanon

5545

43

18

66

3790

17

17

28

3953

24

22

39

Lithuania

5988

23

39

68

6024

13

43

54

4952

15

37

41

Malaysia

8652

67

10

65

4947

42

10

21

4415

43

20

13

New Zealand

7519

37

36

65

5850

24

32

45

5343

13

39

72

Norway

3988

12

48

48

3949

8

43

15

3673

8

50

27

Romania

9659

32

33

46

8504

28

24

6

8367

21

39

74

Singapore

6697

44

20

66

6279

25

24

35

4172

44

20

50

Slovenia

4990

11

44

20

5064

15

42

45

4685

7

42

1

Sweden

4465

13

42

62

4753

10

41

62

4022

7

46

0

Thailand

6960

51

10

36

5813

34

6

0

6927

55

16

59

Tunisia

5816

30

20

61

4261

11

16

12

6343

36

32

54

Turkey

12,824

35

31

70

10,154

21

22

33

12,854

35

41

65

Ukraine

7373

23

28

36

6806

15

21

0

6393

18

32

40

United Arab Emirates

7705

39

100

100

6263

23

20

31

7470

36

34

46

United States

5568

58

21

51

4241

41

21

19

4673

57

25

28

  1. () standard errors appear in parentheses
  2. Because results are rounded to the nearest whole number, some total may appear inconsistent