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Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IEA-ETS Research Institute Journal

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Table 2 Regression coefficients

From: The relationship between students’ use of ICT for social communication and their computer and information literacy

Country Variable Model 1   Model 2   Model 3  
Australia Constant 509.9   501.4   512.2  
E-communication 40.8 * 38.0 * 29.1 *
Gender    21.2 * 18.3 *
SES      28.2 *
Chile Constant 449.1   441.7   452.9  
E-communication 54.4 * 51.8 * 38.3 *
Gender    18.4 * 18.9 *
SES      31.6 *
Croatia Constant 478.5   472.9   483.4  
E-communication 40.5 * 39.4 * 29.3 *
Gender    13.2 * 14.0 *
SES      22.5 *
Czech Republic Constant 533.9   530.9   535.3  
E-communication 23.1 * 21.2 * 18.0 *
Gender    9.2 * 8.2 *
SES      19.6  
Germanya Constant 497.7   492.1   502.0  
E-communication 36.2 * 34.8 * 25.6 *
Gender    13.9 * 15.0 *
SES      24.8 *
Republic of Korea Constant 519.2   504.4   507.2  
E-communication 41.1 * 37.1 * 34.9 *
Gender    33.6 * 33.6 *
SES      17.4 *
Lithuania Constant 443.1   439.4   460.1  
E-communication 61.6 * 59.9 * 42.6 *
Gender    10.7 * 8.9 *
SES      24.6 *
Norway (Grade 9) Constant 495.9   487.3   497.8  
E-communication 46.8 * 44.5 * 34.8 *
Gender    21.2 * 22.0 *
SES      19.4 *
Poland Constant 508.9   505.8   511.8  
E-communication 32.5 * 30.6 * 25.1 *
Gender    10.0 * 8.4 *
SES      28.0 *
Russian Federationb Constant 468.5   466.2   477.8  
E-communication 57.0 * 55.5 * 44.4 *
Gender    7.2 * 6.1 *
SES      20.2 *
Slovak Republic Constant 454.0   450.5   467.6  
E-communication 74.6 * 73.5 * 59.2 *
Gender    8.8 * 10.0 *
SES      29.3 *
Slovenia Constant 496.2   485.5   488.0  
E-Communication 20.6 * 17.4 * 15.2 *
Gender    26.8 * 27.8 *
SES      18.5 *
Thailandb Constant 342.7   340.9   350.3  
E-communication 65.5 * 65.2 * 45.4 *
Gender    3.9   7.2  
SES      34.5 *
Turkey Constant 331.6   329.6   344.2  
E-communication 58.0 * 58.2 * 44.0 *
Gender    3.9   3.7  
SES      27.2 *
Ontario, Canada Constant 523.5   515.4   524.8  
E-communication 31.8 * 28.2 * 20.8 *
Gender    22.6 * 21.2 *
SES      19.2 *
Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada Constant 501.9   490.4   496.3  
E-communication 35.4 * 28.9 * 27.1 *
Gender    30.4 * 27.8 *
SES      22.0 *
Countries not meeting sample requirements
 Denmark Constant 525.9   520.3   528.1  
E-communication 19.5 * 17.9 * 13.1  
Gender    14.7 * 13.9 *
SES      19.2 *
 Hong Kong, SAR Constant 480.3   472.5   499.3  
E-communication 50.9 * 48.9 * 34.6 *
Gender    18.9 * 12.8 *
SES      11.1 *
 Netherlands Constant 496.1   488.8   Not includedc
E-communication 49.5 * 48.0 *
Gender    17.7 *
SES     
 Switzerland Constant 511.9   508.7   508.1  
E-communication 18.7 * 18.4 * 20.1 *
Gender    7.1   8.8  
SES      17.0 *
 City of Buenos Aires, Argentina Constant 416.8   416.8   427.9  
E-communication 56.4 * 56.4 * 48.0 *
Gender    0.1   −0.2  
SES      37.2 *
Cross-national average Constant 475.5   469.6   478.8  
E-communication 43.6 * 41.6 * 32.5 *
Gender    14.9 * 14.3 *
SES      23.6 *
  1. * Statistically significant (p < 0.05) coefficients
  2. aMet guidelines for sampling participation rates only after replacement schools were included
  3. bCountry surveyed the same cohort of students but at the beginning of the next school year
  4. cDue to missing occupation codes no SES variable was derived, hence Model 3 was not applicable
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