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An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 4 Fit indices for multiple-group CFAs of the four-item scale for different levels of measurement invariance

From: Who likes to learn new things: measuring adult motivation to learn with PIAAC data from 21 countries

Model

χ2

df

χ2/df

npar

RMSEA (CI)

CFI

∆χ2

∆df

∆χ2/df

Model 1

2256.255

42

53.72

420

0.086 (0.083 0.089)

0.994

Model 2

3045.744

102

29.86

360

0.064 (0.062 0.066)

0.992

1301.509

60

21.69

Model 3a

17977.828

402

44.72

60

0.078 (0.077 0.079)

0.955

14893.465

300

49.64

Model 3b

7702.566

242

31.82

220

0.066 (0.065 0.067)

0.981

4778.658

140

34.13

  1. Model 1 configural invariance without constraints, Model 2 full weak model with factor loading invariance, Model 3a full weak/full strong; Model 3b full weak/partial strong without constraints for all four items on two thresholds (2 and 3); χ 2 χ2 test statistics, df degrees of freedom, npar number of free parameters, CFI comparative fit index, RMSEA root mean square error of approximation. Significant χ2 and ∆χ2 (p < 0.05) are printed in italics