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An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 4 IV 2SLS estimates of the second stage model, instrument: distance to school (PISA score in 2010)

From: Introduction to instrumental variables and their application to large-scale assessment data

Predictors

Reading

Mathematics

Science

Friends in classroom

6.885 (16.18)

17.24 (15.58)

6.171 (17.07)

PISA 2009 score

0.782*** (0.0147)

0.889*** (0.0154)

0.845*** (0.0152)

ESCS

2.466** (1.135)

2.878*** (1.041)

1.682 (1.190)

Live in the countryside

0.317 (2.047)

0.533 (2.141)

−1.026 (2.246)

Type of school

General comprehensive

(Reference category)

Vocational with comprehensive program

−14.26*** (3.858)

−1.088 (4.111)

−9.010** (4.027)

Basic vocational school

−39.74*** (3.997)

−30.86*** (4.424)

−34.54*** (4.579)

Female

6.074*** (1.971)

−0.133 (2.238)

−0.0123 (2.332)

N

4951

4951

4951

Adj. R2

0.791

0.825

0.775

  1. Standard errors in parentheses
  2. * p < 0.1; ** p < 0.05; *** p < 0.01