Skip to main content

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 2 Gender differences in variance ratios in reading, mathematics, and science

From: Gender differences in variability and extreme scores in an international context

Content

Level

Orga.

Study

N

>1* (%)

>1 (%)

<1 (%)

<1* (%)

VR

(SE)

Reading

Primary

IEA

PIRLS 2001

36

25

58

17

0

1.09

(0.018)

   

PIRLS 2006

45

22

69

9

0

1.08

(0.019)

   

PIRLS 2011

57

25

70

5

0

1.10

(0.009)

 

Secondary

OECD

PISA 2000

42

60

36

0

0

1.16

(0.013)

   

PISA 2003

41

68

32

0

0

1.20

(0.012)

   

PISA 2006

56

73

25

0

0

1.20

(0.010)

   

PISA 2009

65

83

12

0

0

1.18

(0.008)

   

PISA 2012

68

84

12

0

0

1.22

(0.008)

Math.

Primary

IEA

TIMSS 1995 P1 L

24

25

67

8

0

1.10

(0.020)

   

TIMSS 1995 P1 U

26

23

69

8

0

1.10

(0.015)

   

TIMSS 2003 P1

29

41

48

10

0

1.10

(0.013)

   

TIMSS 2007 P1

44

39

55

7

0

1.12

(0.012)

 

Secondary

IEA

TIMSS 1995 P2 L

39

26

67

8

0

1.10

(0.016)

   

TIMSS 1995 P2 U

41

24

54

22

0

1.12

(0.018)

   

TIMSS 1999 P2

38

29

63

5

3

1.12

(0.015)

   

TIMSS 2003 P2

51

37

57

6

0

1.11

(0.011)

   

TIMSS 2007 P2

57

47

40

12

0

1.14

(0.010)

  

OECD

PISA 2000

42

31

62

0

0

1.12

(0.015)

   

PISA 2003

41

56

37

7

0

1.17

(0.012)

   

PISA 2006

57

54

37

7

0

1.13

(0.009)

   

PISA 2009

65

55

38

3

0

1.12

(0.008)

   

PISA 2012

68

63

35

0

0

1.15

(0.008)

Science

Primary

IEA

TIMSS 1995 P1 L

24

21

79

0

0

1.13

(0.019)

   

TIMSS 1995 P1 U

26

35

62

4

0

1.15

(0.016)

   

TIMSS 2003 P1

29

34

55

10

0

1.11

(0.007)

   

TIMSS 2007 P1

44

39

48

14

0

1.12

(0.009)

 

Secondary

IEA

TIMSS 1995 P2 L

39

33

59

8

0

1.12

(0.015)

   

TIMSS 1995 P2 U

41

29

54

17

0

1.15

(0.020)

   

TIMSS 1999 P2

38

32

61

8

0

1.14

(0.019)

   

TIMSS 2003 P2

51

31

55

14

0

1.10

(0.012)

   

TIMSS 2007 P2

57

49

37

14

0

1.15

(0.016)

  

OECD

PISA 2000

42

36

62

0

0

1.15

(0.016)

   

PISA 2003

41

56

41

0

0

1.15

(0.012)

   

PISA 2006

57

67

28

7

0

1.14

(0.008)

   

PISA 2009

65

71

25

3

0

1.15

(0.008)

   

PISA 2012

68

75

21

0

0

1.17

(0.008)

Mean reading

  

410

58

37

5

0

1.15

 

Mean math.

  

622

42

49

8

0

1.12

 

Mean science

  

622

47

45

8

0

1.14

 

 Mean primary

  

384

30

61

9

0

1.11

 

 Mean secondary

  

1270

54

39

7

0

1.15

 

  Mean IEA

  

836

33

57

10

0

1.12

 

  Mean OECD

  

818

64

32

4

0

1.16

 

 Mean reading primary

  

138

24

67

9

0

1.09

 

 Mean reading secondary

  

272

75

21

3

0

1.19

 

 Mean math. primary

  

123

33

59

8

0

1.11

 

 Mean math. secondary

  

499

45

47

8

0

1.13

 

 Mean science primary

  

123

33

59

8

0

1.13

 

 Mean science secondary

  

499

51

41

8

0

1.14

 

 Mean

  

1654

48

44

7

0

1.14

 
  1. N number of participating countries, >1* proportion of countries where the variance ratios are significantly greater than 1 (significantly greater for males), >1 proportion of countries where the variance ratios are greater than 1, but not significantly, <1 proportion of countries where the variance ratios are lower than 1, but not significantly, <1* proportion of countries where the variance ratio significantly lower than 1 (significantly greater for females), VR mean variance ratio (>1 greater for males), and its standard error (SE)