Gender differences in variability and extreme scores in an international context

Baye, Ariane; Monseur, Christian

doi:10.1186/s40536-015-0015-x

Large-scale Assessments in Education

An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 1 Gender effect sizes in mean and extreme tails of the distribution in in reading, math. and science, by survey

From: Gender differences in variability and extreme scores in an international context

Content	Level	Orga.	Study	N	P5	P10	M	P90	P95
Reading	Primary	IEA	PIRLS 2001	36	0.34	0.33	0.25	0.20	0.20
			PIRLS 2006	45	0.28	0.27	0.21	0.16	0.15
			PIRLS 2011	57	0.28	0.30	0.22	0.15	0.14
	Secondary	OECD	PISA 2000	42	0.47	0.46	0.35	0.24	0.22
			PISA 2003	41	0.52	0.50	0.36	0.25	0.23
			PISA 2006	56	0.56	0.54	0.42	0.30	0.27
			PISA 2009	65	0.56	0.56	0.45	0.33	0.31
			PISA 2012	68	0.58	0.56	0.43	0.30	0.28
Math.	Primary	IEA	TIMSS 1995 P1 L	24	0.00	−0.01	−0.08	−0.14	−0.16
			TIMSS 1995 P1 U	26	0.06	0.04	−0.03	−0.08	−0.10
			TIMSS 2003 P1	29	0.07	0.05	−0.02	−0.09	−0.10
			TIMSS 2007 P1	44	0.09	0.06	−0.02	−0.09	−0.10
	Secondary	IEA	TIMSS 1995 P2 L	39	0.00	−0.01	−0.07	−0.14	−0.16
			TIMSS 1995 P2 U	41	0.01	−0.01	−0.08	−0.15	−0.15
			TIMSS 1999 P2	38	0.03	0.01	−0.05	−0.12	−0.13
			TIMSS 2003 P2	51	0.07	0.07	0.00	−0.07	−0.09
			TIMSS 2007 P2	57	0.13	0.12	0.03	−0.05	−0.07
		OECD	PISA 2000	42	−0.01	−0.02	−0.09	−0.17	−0.19
			PISA 2003	41	0.01	−0.01	−0.11	−0.21	−0.24
			PISA 2006	57	−0.01	−0.03	−0.10	−0.19	−0.21
			PISA 2009	65	−0.01	−0.02	−0.10	−0.18	−0.20
			PISA 2012	68	0.01	0.00	−0.09	−0.18	−0.21
Science	Primary	IEA	TIMSS 1995 P1 L	24	0.02	0.00	−0.09	−0.17	−0.18
			TIMSS 1995 P1 U	26	0.01	0.00	−0.10	−0.18	−0.20
			TIMSS 2003 P1	29	0.10	0.08	0.00	−0.06	−0.07
			TIMSS 2007 P1	44	0.12	0.09	0.01	−0.06	−0.07
	Secondary	IEA	TIMSS 1995 P2 L	39	−0.14	−0.16	−0.23	−0.30	−0.33
			TIMSS 1995 P2 U	41	−0.14	−0.17	−0.24	−0.32	−0.34
			TIMSS 1999 P2	38	−0.07	−0.10	−0.18	−0.25	−0.27
			TIMSS 2003 P2	51	−0.03	−0.04	−0.10	−0.16	−0.18
			TIMSS 2007 P2	57	0.14	0.14	0.04	−0.06	−0.07
		OECD	PISA 2000	42	0.12	0.11	0.01	−0.07	−0.09
			PISA 2003	41	0.07	0.05	−0.04	−0.13	−0.15
			PISA 2006	57	0.11	0.09	0.01	−0.08	−0.10
			PISA 2009	65	0.14	0.13	0.04	−0.05	−0.07
			PISA 2012	68	0.14	0.12	0.02	−0.08	−0.10
Mean reading				410	0.45	0.44	0.34	0.24	0.23
Mean math.				622	0.03	0.02	−0.06	−0.13	−0.15
Mean science				622	0.04	0.02	−0.06	−0.14	−0.16
Mean primary				384	0.12	0.11	0.03	−0.03	−0.04
Mean secondary				1270	0.13	0.12	0.03	−0.06	−0.08
Mean IEA				836	0.07	0.05	−0.03	−0.09	−0.11
Mean OECD				818	0.22	0.20	0.10	0.01	−0.02
Mean reading primary				138	0.30	0.30	0.23	0.17	0.16
Mean reading secondary				272	0.54	0.52	0.40	0.28	0.26
Mean math. primary				123	0.06	0.04	−0.04	−0.10	−0.12
Mean math. secondary				499	0.02	0.01	−0.07	−0.15	−0.17
Mean science primary				123	0.06	0.04	−0.05	−0.12	−0.13
Mean science secondary				499	0.03	0.02	−0.07	−0.15	−0.17
Mean				1654	0.13	0.11	0.03	−0.05	−0.07

A positive value indicates a higher score for females; a negative value indicates a higher score for males
N number of participating countries, P5, P10, M, P90, P95 gender effect sizes at percentiles 5, 10, 90, 95 and for the mean scores

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