|
Variables
|
Indonesia
|
Malaysia
|
Thailand
|
|---|
|
Coef.
|
SE
|
Coef.
|
SE
|
Coef.
|
SE
|
|---|
|
Mathematics performance
|
371.58
|
2.95
|
420.26***
|
3.49
|
443.73***
|
7.64
|
|
Student-level variables
|
|
BELONG
|
ns
|
–
|
−6.46***
|
2.51
|
ns
|
–
|
|
PERSEV
|
ns
|
–
|
ns
|
–
|
9.78**
|
3.71
|
|
INSTMOT
|
ns
|
–
|
7.49**
|
3.03
|
ns
|
–
|
|
MATBEH
|
−5.23*
|
2.88
|
−9.70***
|
2.20
|
ns
|
–
|
|
ATTSCHL
|
5.40***
|
1.86
|
8.52***
|
2.50
|
7.92**
|
3.40
|
|
ATTLNACT
|
−4.95***
|
1.91
|
ns
|
–
|
−5.38*
|
2.88
|
|
OPENPS
|
ns
|
–
|
ns
|
–
|
ns
|
–
|
|
FAILMAT
|
ns
|
–
|
ns
|
–
|
−8.96***
|
2.44
|
|
MATHEFF
|
12.63***
|
3.69
|
24.82***
|
3.53
|
ns
|
–
|
|
SCMAT
|
−7.58**
|
3.28
|
ns
|
–
|
ns
|
–
|
|
INTMAT
|
ns
|
–
|
ns
|
–
|
−6.81*
|
3.75
|
|
ANXMAT
|
−10.16***
|
2.20
|
ns
|
–
|
−14.37***
|
3.77
|
|
School-level variables
|
|
SBELONG
|
29.19***
|
11.63
|
ns
|
–
|
ns
|
–
|
|
SPERSEV
|
ns
|
–
|
ns
|
–
|
ns
|
–
|
|
SINSTMOT
|
ns
|
–
|
−33.88*
|
18.90
|
ns
|
–
|
|
SMATBEH
|
−26.15**
|
13.00
|
−56.48***
|
13.37
|
ns
|
–
|
|
SATTSCHL
|
Ns
|
–
|
−33.07***
|
10.03
|
26.73*
|
14.00
|
|
SATTLNACT
|
ns
|
–
|
ns
|
–
|
ns
|
–
|
|
SOPENPS
|
22.57**
|
10.47
|
ns
|
–
|
37.50*
|
20.16
|
|
SFAILMAT
|
ns
|
–
|
ns
|
–
|
ns
|
–
|
|
SMATEFF
|
61.05***
|
16.85
|
ns
|
–
|
ns
|
–
|
|
SSCMAT
|
−36.47**
|
15.22
|
ns
|
–
|
ns
|
–
|
|
SANXMAT
|
ns
|
–
|
ns
|
–
|
ns
|
–
|
|
SINTMAT
|
−65.59***
|
20.00
|
ns
|
–
|
ns
|
–
|
|
Proportion of variance explained at school level
|
0.44
|
0.58
|
0.25
|
|
Proportion of variance explained at student level
|
0.07
|
0.17
|
0.16
|
-
ns nonsignificant
- *** p < .01, ** p < .05, * p < .10
