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An IERI – International Educational Research Institute Journal

Table 3 Example of item response patterns

From: Examining the attitude-achievement paradox in PISA using a multilevel multidimensional IRT model for extreme response style

Respondent

Item responses

\( {\widehat{\theta}}_1 \)

\( {\widehat{\theta}}_{ERS} \)

Total score

Bias-corrected total score

1

1414414414

0.84

2.05

53

41

2

2421322131

−0.45

0.00

32

32

3

2332322322

0.34

−1.89

29

35