Table 7 Singapore: Relationship between measures of teaching for conceptual understanding and mathematics achievement

606.19(7.91)^a

604.46(7.97)^a

619.59(9.55)^a

619.46(8.69)^a

603.36(5.96)^a

602.44(6.72)^a

Gender (male =1, female = 0)

3.66(2.46)

3.62(2.45)

3.68(2.46)

3.67(2.46)

3.67(2.46)

3.72(2.46)

Home Background Composite

2.07(1.03)^c

2.08(1.03)^c

2.07(1.03)^c

2.07(1.03)^c

2.07(1.03)^c

2.07(1.03)^c

Index: Positive Affects (high v. low)

−14.41(3.85)^b

−14.40(3.85)^b

−14.42(3.85)^b

−14.43(3.85)^b

−14.43(3.85)^b

−14.45(3.85)^b

Index: Positive Affects (high v. med)

−3.59(3.66)

−3.59(3.66)

−3.60(3.66)

−3.60(3.66)

−3.56(3.66)

−3.59(3.66)

Index: Valuing Mathematics (high v. low)

−13.64(5.14)^b

−13.60(5.14)^b

−13.66(5.15)^b

−13.63(5.14)^b

−13.60(5.14)^b

−13.61(5.14)^b

Index: Valuing Mathematics (high v. med)

3.33(2.6)

3.33(2.6)

3.35(2.59)

3.37(2.6)

3.34(2.6)

3.36(2.6)

Index: Self-confidence (high v. low)

−45.03(3.58)^a

−45.01(3.58)^a

−45.04(3.58)^a

−45.04(3.58)^a

−45.01(3.58)^a

−45.02(3.57)^a

Index: Self-confidence (high v. med)

−26.19(2.41)^a

−26.18(2.4)^a

−26.20(2.41)^a

−26.21(2.41)^a

−26.21(2.41)^a

−26.21(2.41)^a

117.66(5.94)^a

115.85(6.24)^a

119.53(6.51)^a

117.62(6.02)^a

117.48(6.15)^a

115.12(6.05)^a

… interpret data in tables, charts or graphs

11.06(14.73)

… write equations and functions to represent relationships

28.38(7.63)^a

… apply facts, concepts and procedures to solve routine problems

20.43(7.58)^b

… relate what they are learning in mathematics to their daily lives

−8.06(9.26)

… decide on their own procedures for solving complex problems

10.97(10.76)

… work on problems for which there is no immediately obvious method of solution

33.68(8.92)^a