Table 5 Korea: Relationship between measures of teaching for conceptual understanding and mathematics achievement

680.82(4.75)^a

672.97(6.2)^a

679.57(7.11)^a

674.32(5.49)^a

669.16(4.77)^a

675.10(5.21)^a

Gender (male =1, female = 0)†

−4.46(2.65)

−4.51(2.66)

−4.64(2.63)

−4.51(2.65)

−4.60(2.68)

−4.44(2.67)

Home Background Composite

18.10(1.26)^a

18.10(1.26)^a

18.10(1.26)^a

18.1(1.26)^a

18.10(1.26)^a

18.09(1.26)^a

Index: Positive Affects (high v. low)

−20.96(3.72)^a

−20.91(3.72)^a

−20.80(3.74)^a

−20.89(3.72)^a

−20.88(3.72)^a

−20.85(3.72)^a

Index: Positive Affects (high v. med)

−11.12(3.4)^b

−11.09(3.41)^b

−11.07(3.42)^b

−11.05(3.4)^b

−11.07(3.4)^b

−11.08(3.41)^b

Index: Valuing Mathematics (high v. low)†

−16.71(4.47)^a

−16.80(4.46)^a

−16.78(4.45)^a

−16.85(4.46)^a

−16.76(4.46)^a

−16.88(4.45)^a

Index: Valuing Mathematics (high v. med)

−8.27(2.64)^b

−8.37(2.64)^b

−8.33(2.64)^b

−8.41(2.63)^b

−8.36(2.63)^b

−8.42(2.64)^b

Index: Self-confidence (high v. low)

−101.49(3.38)^a

−101.51(3.39)^a

−101.65(3.40)^a

−101.50(3.39)^a

−101.55(3.39)^a

−101.56(3.39)^a

Index: Self-confidence (high v. med)

−45.13(3.15)^a

−45.19(3.16)^a

−45.35(3.17)^a

−45.19(3.16)^a

−45.23(3.16)^a

−45.22(3.16)^a

41.25(6.98)^a

41.43(7.01)^a

41.34(6.91)^a

41.19(6.98)^a

41.23(7.04)^a

41.31(6.96)^a

… interpret data in tables, charts or graphs

−7.45(2.86)^c

… write equations and functions to represent relationships

−0.93(2.69)

… apply facts, concepts and procedures to solve routine problems

−3.57(2.84)

… relate what they are learning in mathematics to their daily lives

−1.82(2.54)

… decide on their own procedures for solving complex problems

1.26(2.36)

… work on problems for which there is no immediately obvious method of solution

−2.94(3.19)