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(a) Traditional teacher-led instructional practices
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Listen to teacher lecture (LSP)
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-17.9* (4.2)*
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-22.11**
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-25.6*** (-3.5)
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Watch teacher demonstrate an experiment (DEI)
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-12.5* (-5.3)
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-7.1*
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-0.1* (7.0)
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Memorize facts and principles (FAP)
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-26.3*** (-6.4)
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-19.8**
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-15.6** (4.2)
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Use scientific formulas and laws to solve problems (LAW)
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-8.2 (6.8)*
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-15.0*
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-13.4* (1.6)
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Review homework (ROH)
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-12.4 (-4.1)*
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-8.4*
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-4.9 (3.5)
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Begin homework in class (BHC)
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36.0*** (15.4)
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20.6**
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11.1** (-9.6)
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Read science textbooks and other resource materials (TEX)
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17.7* (33.0**)
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-15.3*
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-15.9*** (-0.6)
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Have quizzes or tests (HQT)
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16.0** (10.4)
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5.6*
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11.3* (5.7)
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Use computers (COM)
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48.3*** (32.9***)
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15.4**
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7.4** (-8.0)
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(b) Inquiry-oriented, constructivist student-centered practices
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Make observations and describe what is seen (OBS)
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6.2 (8.8)
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-2.6
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-6.4* (-3.8)
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Conduct experiments (CEI)
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3.8 (7.9)
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-4.2
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-6.9* (-2.7)
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Design or plan experiments (PEI)
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10.4** (4.2)
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6.2
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3.4 (-2.8)
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Work in small groups on an experiment or investigation (WGO)
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3.6 (6.3))
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-2.7
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-6.3 (-3.6)
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Give explanation about what is studied (EOS)
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-16..5 (8.0))
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-24.5***
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-16.8*** (7.7)
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Work on problems on their own (WPO)
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22.6** (22.3*)
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0.4
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-9.8** (-10.2)
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Relate learning to daily life (MDL)
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-7.6 (5.5)
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-13.1*
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-8.6* (4.5*)
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